saddle-back tamarin

{{Short description|Genus of New World monkeys}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Saddle-back tamarins

| image = Wendell's Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus weddelli).jpg

| image_caption = Weddell's saddle-back tamarin

| taxon = Leontocebus

| authority = Wagner, 1840

| type_species = Leontocebus fuscus

| type_species_authority = Lesson, 1840

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = 10 species, see text

| synonyms =

• Saguinus Hoffmannsegg, 1807
• Marikina Lesson, 1840
• Tamarin Gray, 1870
• Tamarinus Trouessart, 1904

}}

The saddle-back tamarins are squirrel-sized New World monkeys from the family Callitrichidae in the genus or subgenus Leontocebus. They were split from the tamarin genus Saguinus based on genetic data and on the fact that saddle-back tamarins are sympatric with members of Saguinus to a greater extent than would be expected from two members of the same genus.{{cite journal |author1=Rylands, Anthony B. |author2=Eckhard W. Heymann |author3=Jessica Lynch Alfaro |author4=Janet C. Buckner |author5=Christian Roos |author6=Christian Matauschek |author7=Jean P. Boubli |author8=Ricardo Sampaio |author9=Russell A. Mittermeier | year=2016 | title=Taxonomic Review of the New World Tamarins (Primates: Callitrichidae) | journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume=177 | issue=4 | pages=1003–1028 | doi=10.1111/zoj.12386|url=http://socgen.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Rylands-et-al-Review-of-tamarin-taxonomy-J-Zool-Linn-Soc-2016.pdf|accessdate=2020-04-19}}{{cite journal|title=Biogeography of the marmosets and tamarins (Callitrichidae)|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.031|author1=Buckner, JC|author2=Lynch Alfaro, JW|author3=Rylands, AB|author4=Alfaro, ME|journal=Mol Phylogenet Evol|year=2015|volume=82 Pt B|pages=413–425|pmid=24857784}} However, this argument can be circular, as several other mammals show sympatry among congeneric species, such as armadillos (genus Dasypus), spotted cats (genus Leopardus), and fruit-eating bats (genus Artibeus).{{Cite book

| editor1-last = Gardner | editor1-first =Alfred L. | title = Mammals of South America, Volume 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats

| publisher = University of Chicago Press | date = 1 March 2008

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dbU3d7EUCm8C | isbn =978-0-226-28240-4 |oclc = 644361912}} Some authors still consider Leontocebus to be a subgenus of Saguinus.{{cite journal |last1=Garbino |first1=Guilherme S.T. |last2=Martins-Junior |first2=Antonio M.G. |year=2018 |title=Phenotypic evolution in marmoset and tamarin monkeys (Cebidae, Callitrichinae) and a revised genus-level classification |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.002 |doi-access=free |pmid=28989098 |volume=118 |pages=156–171 }}

Species include:{{cite web|title=Leontocebus Wagner, 1840|publisher=ITIS|accessdate=2020-04-19|url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt;jsessionid=ED3257EE744E9CF71560EA569B3E0746?search_topic=TSN&search_value=943882#null}}{{cite web|title=Leontocebus|url=https://mammaldiversity.org/#bGVvbnRvY2VidXMrJmdsb2JhbF9zZWFyY2g9dHJ1ZSZsb29zZT10cnVl|publisher=American Society of Mammalogists|accessdate=2020-04-19}}

{{Species table |genus=Leontocebus |authority-name= Wagner |authority-year=1840 |species-count=ten|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Cruz Lima's saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus cruzlimai

|image= |image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Hershkovitz |authority-year=1966 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Brazil

|range-image=File:Distribution Leontocebus cruzlimai.png

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat= Area near the Inauini River

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Brown-mantled tamarin or Spix's saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus fuscicollis

|image=File:Saguinus fuscicollis 246375885.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Spix |authority-year=1823 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Bolivia, Brazil and Peru.

|range-image=File:Brown-mantled Tamarin area.png

|range-image-size=180px

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Four subspecies |bullets=on

|L. f. avilapiresi, Avila Pires' saddle-back tamarin

|L. f. fuscicollis, Spix's saddle-back tamarin

|L. f. mura, Mura's saddleback tamarin

|L. f. primitivus, Lako's saddleback tamarin

}}

|size=

|habitat= the Andes Mountains throughout the Amazon River Basin, they tend to inhabit primary and secondary lowland tropical forests.

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Lesson's saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus fuscus

|image=File:Saguinus fuscus 186505434.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Pucheran |authority-year=1845 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Peru (Amazonas)

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= NT

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Illiger's saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus illigeri

|image=File:Leontocebus illigeri (cropped).jpeg |image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Lesson |authority-year=1840 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Colombia (Plaines de Mocoa, Putumayo, between the Rio Putumayo and Rio Caqueta), Brazil

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Red-mantled saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus lagonotus

|image=File:Saddleback Tamarin.JPG|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Jiménez de la Espada |authority-year=1870 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Ecuador and Peru

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Andean saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus leucogenys

|image=File:Saguinus leucogenys 113777952.jpg |image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Gray |authority-year=1866 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Peru (Huanuco)

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Black-mantled tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus nigricollis

|image=File:Saguinus nigricollis 168737724.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Spix |authority-year= 1823|authority-not-original=yes

|range= western Brazil, southeastern Colombia, north-eastern Peru and eastern Ecuador.

|range-image=File:Black-mantled Tamarin area.png

|range-image-size=180px

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on

|Spix's black mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis nigricollis

|Graells's tamarin or Graells’ black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis graellsi

|Hernandez-Camacho's black-mantle tamarin, Leontocebus nigricollis hernandezi

}}

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Geoffroy's saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus nigrifrons

|image=|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire |authority-year=1850 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Peru

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Golden-mantled tamarin or Golden-mantled saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus tripartitus

|image=File:Saguinus tripartitus - Golden-mantled Tamarin 2.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Milne-Edwards |authority-year=1878 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Ecuador and Peru(Amazon), Ecuador, and Northeast Peru (between the Rio Curaray and Rio Napo).

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= NT

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/row

|name=Weddell's saddle-back tamarin |binomial=Leontocebus weddelli

|image=File:Wendell's Saddle-back Tamarin (Leontocebus weddelli).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=

|authority-name=Deville |authority-year=1849 |authority-not-original=yes

|range= Brazil, Bolivia and Peru

|range-image=

|range-image-size=180px

|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on

|Leontocebus weddelli weddelli

|Crandall's saddle-back tamarin, (Leontocebus weddelli crandalli)

|White-mantled tamarin or White saddle-back tamarin, (Leontocebus weddelli melanoleucus)

}}

|size=

|habitat=

|hunting=

|iucn-status= LC

|population=

|direction=

}}

{{Species table/end}}

In some locations saddle-back tamarins live sympatrically with tamarins of the genus Sanguinus, but the saddle-back tamarins typically occupy lower strata of the forest than do the Sanguinus species. Saddle-back tamarins have longer and narrower hands than Sanguinus species, possibly adaption to differing foraging behavior, as saddle-back tamarins are more likely to search for insects that are hidden in knotholes, crevices, bromeliad tanks and leaf litter, while Sanguinus species are more likely to forage for insects that are exposed on surfaces such as leaves or branches.