saddle joint

{{Short description|Type of synovial joint with concave, convex surfaces}}

{{Infobox anatomy

| Name = Saddle Joint

| Latin = articulatio sellaris

| Image = Gelenke_Zeichnung01.jpg

| Caption = 1: Ball and socket joint; 2: Condyloid joint (Ellipsoid); 3: Saddle joint; 4 Hinge joint; 5: Pivot joint;

| Image2 = Gray335.png

| Caption2 = Ligaments of wrist. Posterior view.

| System =

| Precursor =

}}

A saddle joint (sellar joint,{{Citation|last=Lawry|first=George V.|title=Chapter 1 - Anatomy of Joints, General Considerations, and Principles of Joint Examination|date=2006-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323030038500052|work=Musculoskeletal Examination and Joint Injection Techniques|pages=1–6|editor-last=Fam|editor-first=Adel G.|place=Philadelphia|publisher=Mosby|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-03003-8.50005-2|isbn=978-0-323-03003-8|access-date=2021-01-04|editor2-last=Lawry|editor2-first=George V.|editor3-last=Kreder|editor3-first=Hans J.}}{{Citation|last1=Watkins|first1=James|title=CHAPTER 5 - The articular system|date=2009-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702030321000056|work=The Pocket Podiatry Guide: Functional Anatomy|pages=157–181|editor-last=Watkins|editor-first=James|place=Edinburgh|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-7020-3032-1.00005-6|isbn=978-0-7020-3032-1|access-date=2021-01-04|last2=Mathieson|first2=Ian|editor2-last=Mathieson|editor2-first=Ian}} articulation by reciprocal reception{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}) is a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex. It is found in the thumb, the thorax, the middle ear, and the heel.

Structure

In a saddle joint, one bone surface is concave while another is convex.{{Citation|last1=Mansfield|first1=Paul Jackson|title=Chapter 2 - Structure and Function of Joints|date=2019-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323544986000023|work=Essentials of Kinesiology for the Physical Therapist Assistant (Third Edition)|pages=20–33|editor-last=Mansfield|editor-first=Paul Jackson|place=St. Louis (MO)|publisher=Mosby|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-54498-6.00002-3|isbn=978-0-323-54498-6|access-date=2021-01-04|last2=Neumann|first2=Donald A.|s2cid=188348609 |editor2-last=Neumann|editor2-first=Donald A.}}{{Citation|title=CHAPTER 3 - Basic bones of ontogeny|date=2010-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702030314000079|work=The Pocket Podiatry Guide: Paediatrics|pages=32–47|editor-last=Mathieson|editor-first=Ian|place=Edinburgh|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-7020-3031-4.00007-9|isbn=978-0-7020-3031-4|access-date=2021-01-04|editor2-last=Evans|editor2-first=Angela}} This creates significant stability.

Movements

The movements of saddle joints are similar to those of the condyloid joint and include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction. However, axial rotation is not allowed. Saddle joints are said to be biaxial,{{cite journal |title=ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: Classification of Joints |url=https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/classification-of-joints/ |website=Pressbooks |publisher=OpenStaxCollege |access-date=3 June 2023 |date=March 6, 2013}} allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes.

Examples of saddle joints in the human body include the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb,{{cite web |title=Saddle joint - Definition, Movements, Examples and Diagrams |url=https://anatomy.co.uk/saddle-joint/ |website=anatomy.co.uk|date=11 January 2018 }}{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=KL |authorlink=Keith L. Moore|title=Clinically Oriented Anatomy |date=2018 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |location=Philadelphia |isbn=9781496347213 |page=26 |edition=8}} the sternoclavicular joint of the thorax,{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=KL |authorlink=Keith L. Moore|title=Clinically Oriented Anatomy |date=2018 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |location=Philadelphia |isbn=9781496347213 |page=264 |edition=8}} the incudomalleolar joint of the middle ear,{{cite book |last1=Standring |first1=S |title=Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice |date=2016 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=9780702068515 |edition=41 |chapter=Middle Ear}} and the calcaneocuboid joint of the heel.

Name

The term "saddle" arises because the concave-convex bone interaction is compared to a horse rider riding a horse, with both bone surfaces being saddle-shaped. The saddle joint is also known as the sellar joint.

References

External links

[http://www.phschool.com/webcodes10/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.gotoWebCode&wcprefix=cbe&wcsuffix=0361 Diagram at phschool.com]

Category:Joints