sarcolipin

Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPases are transmembrane proteins that catalyze the ATP-dependent transport of Ca²⁺ from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. The SLN gene encodes a small transmembrane proteolipid that regulates several sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPases by reducing the accumulation of Ca²⁺ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum without affecting the rate of ATP hydrolysis.

Ablation of sarcolipin increases atrial Ca²⁺ transient amplitudes and enhanced atrial contractility. Furthermore, atria from sarcolipin-null mice have blunted response to isoproterenol stimulation, implicating sarcolipin as a mediator of beta-adrenergic responses in atria.{{cite journal | vauthors = Babu GJ, Bhupathy P, Timofeyev V, Petrashevskaya NN, Reiser PJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Periasamy M | title = Ablation of sarcolipin enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport and atrial contractility | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 104 | issue = 45 | pages = 17867–72 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17971438 | pmc = 2077025 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0707722104 | bibcode = 2007PNAS..10417867B | doi-access = free }}

Sarcolipin is an important mediator of muscle based non shivering thermogenesis (NST). It causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPases to stop pumping Ca²⁺ ions but continue futilely hydrolysing ATP, thus releasing the energy as heat.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bal NC, Periasamy M | title = Uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity by sarcolipin as the basis for muscle non-shivering thermogenesis | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences | volume = 375 | issue = 1793 | pages = 20190135 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 31928193 | doi = 10.1098/rstb.2019.0135 | url= | pmc = 7017432 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Legendre LJ, Davesne D | title = The evolution of mechanisms involved in vertebrate endothermy | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences | volume = 375 | issue = 1793 | pages = 20190136 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 31928191 | doi = 10.1098/rstb.2019.0136 | pmc = 7017440 | doi-access = free }} Sarcolipin mediated heat production is very important for many organisms to maintain a warm body. In mammals thermogenesis by skeletal muscles is complemented by thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue. {{cite journal | vauthors = Reilly SM, Saltiel RA | title = A Futile Approach to Fighting Obesity? | journal = Cell | volume = 163 | issue = 3 | pages = 539–540 | date = 22 October 2015 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.006 | pmid = 26496598 | s2cid = 10336243 | doi-access = free }} Sarcolipin mediated heat production in contractile muscles helps endothermic fish like the opah heat its body. Some fishes like the billfishes have a specialised brain heater tissue that is derived from muscles that cannot contract but specialise in producing heat using sarcolipin.

SLN (gene) has been shown to interact with PLN{{cite journal | vauthors = Asahi M, Sugita Y, Kurzydlowski K, De Leon S, Tada M, Toyoshima C, MacLennan DH | title = Sarcolipin regulates sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) by binding to transmembrane helices alone or in association with phospholamban | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 100 | issue = 9 | pages = 5040–5 | date = April 2003 | pmid = 12692302 | pmc = 154294 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0330962100 | bibcode = 2003PNAS..100.5040A | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Asahi M, Kurzydlowski K, Tada M, MacLennan DH | title = Sarcolipin inhibits polymerization of phospholamban to induce superinhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 30 | pages = 26725–8 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12032137 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200269200 | doi-access = free }} and ATP2A1.

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Asahi M, Kurzydlowski K, Tada M, MacLennan DH | title = Sarcolipin inhibits polymerization of phospholamban to induce superinhibition of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs) | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 277 | issue = 30 | pages = 26725–8 | date = July 2002 | pmid = 12032137 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.C200269200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Minamisawa S, Wang Y, Chen J, Ishikawa Y, Chien KR, Matsuoka R | title = Atrial chamber-specific expression of sarcolipin is regulated during development and hypertrophic remodeling | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 11 | pages = 9570–5 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12645548 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M213132200 | doi-access = free }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Vittorini S, Storti S, Parri MS, Cerillo AG, Clerico A | title = SERCA2a, phospholamban, sarcolipin, and ryanodine receptors gene expression in children with congenital heart defects | journal = Molecular Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 105–11 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17515962 | pmc = 1869624 | doi = 10.2119/2006-00054.Vittorini }}

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