saw palmetto extract
{{Short description|Dietary supplement}}
Saw palmetto extract is an extract of the fruit of the saw palmetto. It is marketed as a dietary supplement that may help with benign prostatic hyperplasia, but there is no clinical evidence that it is effective for this purpose.{{Cite web |date=1 May 2020 |title=Saw palmetto |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/saw-palmetto |access-date=5 October 2020 |publisher=National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health}}{{Cite web |date=1 May 2020 |title=Spotlight on saw palmetto: What the science says |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/spotlight-on-saw-palmetto-science |access-date=5 October 2020 |publisher=NCCIH Clinical Digest for Health Professionals, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health}}{{Cite web |date=30 November 2022 |title=Saw palmetto |url=https://www.drugs.com/npp/saw-palmetto.html |access-date=12 June 2023 |publisher=Drugs.com}}{{Cite journal |last=Franco |first=Juan Va |last2=Trivisonno |first2=Leonel |last3=Sgarbossa |first3=Nadia J. |last4=Alvez |first4=Gustavo Ariel |last5=Fieiras |first5=Cecilia |last6=Escobar Liquitay |first6=Camila Micaela |last7=Jung |first7=Jae Hung |display-authors=3 |date=2023-06-22 |title=Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2023 |issue=6 |pages=CD001423 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001423.pub4 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=10286776 |pmid=37345871}}
Uses and research
Saw palmetto extract is commonly sold as a dietary supplement intended to improve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)—also called prostate gland enlargement—which is a common condition among men as they age. An enlarged prostate may cause increased frequency or urgency of urination, difficulty initiating urination, weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts, dribbling at the end of urination, and inability to completely empty the bladder.{{Cite web |date=2 March 2019 |title=Benign prostatic hyperplasia |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/benign-prostatic-hyperplasia/symptoms-causes/syc-20370087 |access-date=5 October 2020 |publisher=Mayo Clinic}}
Saw palmetto extract has been studied in clinical trials as a possible treatment for men with prostate cancer and for men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with BPH. {{As of|2023}}, there is insufficient scientific evidence that saw palmetto extract is effective for treating cancer or BPH and its symptoms. A 2016 review of clinical studies with a standardized extract of saw palmetto (called Permixon) found that the extract was safe and may be effective for relieving BPH-induced urinary symptoms compared with a placebo.{{Cite journal |last=Novara |first=Giacomo |last2=Giannarini |first2=Gianluca |last3=Alcaraz |first3=Antonio |last4=Cózar-Olmo |first4=José-M. |last5=Descazeaud |first5=Aurelien |last6=Montorsi |first6=Francesco |last7=Ficarra |first7=Vincenzo |display-authors=3 |year=2016 |title=Efficacy and safety of hexanic lipidosterolic extract of Serenoa repens (Permixon) in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials |journal=European Urology Focus |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=553–561 |doi=10.1016/j.euf.2016.04.002 |pmid=28723522 |s2cid=19219564}} A 2023 review found that saw palmetto extract "provides little to no benefits for men with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement."
=Folk medicine=
Saw palmetto was used in folk medicine to treat coughs or other disorders.
Precautions and contraindications
=Children=
The use of saw palmetto extract is not recommended in children under 12 years old because it may affect the metabolism of androgen and estrogen hormones.{{Cite web |title=Fructus Serenoae Repentis |url=http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4927e/28.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616124528/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js4927e/28.html |archive-date=June 16, 2009 |access-date=29 October 2014 |website=WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants |publisher=World Health Organization}}
=Pregnancy and lactation=
Saw palmetto extract should not be used during pregnancy because it may affect androgen and estrogen metabolism. As there is no rationale for using saw palmetto during pregnancy, it should be avoided when pregnant or while breastfeeding.
= PSA test interference =
Saw palmetto has been shown to reduce the levels of PSA in the blood, a hormone produced by the prostate and used as a marker by healthcare providers to evaluate the presence of prostate cancer. Taking saw palmetto can artificially reduce the levels of PSA, interfering with test results.{{Cite journal |last=Murugusundram |first=Sundaram |date=2009 |title=Serenoa Repens: Does It have Any Role in the Management of Androgenetic Alopecia? |journal=Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=31–32 |doi=10.4103/0974-2077.53097 |issn=0974-2077 |pmc=2840915 |pmid=20300369 |doi-access=free}}
Interactions
Saw palmetto extract has interactions with other medications.
When used in combination with an anticoagulant or anti-platelet drug, saw palmetto extract can increase the risk of bleeding by enhancing the anticoagulation or anti-platelet effects. Some examples of anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and warfarin.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Drugs used in benign prostatic hypertrophy}}
{{Dietary supplement}}
{{Antiandrogens}}
{{Androgenics}}
Category:5α-Reductase inhibitors