schizocoely
{{short description|Development process of some animals}}
Schizocoely (adjective forms: schizocoelous or schizocoelic) is a process by which some animal embryos develop. The schizocoely mechanism occurs when secondary body cavities (coeloms) are formed by splitting a solid mass of mesodermal embryonic tissue.{{Cite book| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bZw-ntFxp-YC&q=coelom| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 9780521857369| last1 = Moore| first1 = Janet| last2 = Overhill| first2 = Raith | title = An introduction to the invertebrates| date = 2006}}{{Cite journal|last=Lüter|first=Carsten|date=2000-06-01|title=The origin of the coelom in Brachiopoda and its phylogenetic significance|journal=Zoomorphology|language=en|volume=120|issue=1|pages=15–28|doi=10.1007/s004359900019|s2cid=24929317|issn=1432-234X}} All schizocoelomates are protostomians{{contradictory inline |date=January 2025}} and they show holoblastic, spiral, determinate cleavage.
Etymology
The term schizocoely derives from the Ancient Greek words {{wikt-lang|grc|σχίζω}} ({{grc-transl|σχίζω}}), meaning 'to split', and {{wikt-lang|grc|κοιλία}} ({{grc-transl|κοιλία}}), meaning 'cavity'.{{Cite book | title=Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français | last=Bailly | first=Anatole | date=1981-01-01 | publisher=Hachette | isbn=2010035283 | location=Paris | oclc=461974285}}{{Cite web | url=http://www.tabularium.be/bailly/ | title=Greek-french dictionary online | last=Bailly | first=Anatole | date= | website=www.tabularium.be | publisher= | access-date=2020-03-05}} This refers to the fact that fluid-filled body cavities are formed by splitting of mesodermal cells.
Taxonomic distribution
Animals called protostomes develop through schizocoely for which they are also known as schizocoelomates.
Schizocoelous development often occurs in protostomes,{{Cite journal|last1=Adoutte|first1=André|last2=Balavoine|first2=Guillaume|last3=Lartillot|first3=Nicolas|last4=Rosa|first4=Renaud de|last5=Adoutte|first5=André|last6=Balavoine|first6=Guillaume|last7=Lartillot|first7=Nicolas|last8=Rosa|first8=Renaud de|date=1999-03-01|title=Animal evolution: the end of the intermediate taxa?|url=https://www.cell.com/trends/genetics/abstract/S0168-9525(98)01671-0|journal=Trends in Genetics|language=English|volume=15|issue=3|pages=104–108|doi=10.1016/S0168-9525(98)01671-0|issn=0168-9525|pmid=10203807}}{{Cite journal|last1=Technau|first1=Ulrich|last2=Scholz|first2=Corinna B.|date=2003|title=Origin and evolution of endoderm and mesoderm|journal=The International Journal of Developmental Biology|volume=47|issue=7–8|pages=531–539|issn=0214-6282|pmid=14756329}} as in phyla Mollusca, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Deuterostomes usually exhibit enterocoely;{{cite journal |last1=Satoh |first1=Gouki |last2=Harada |first2=Yoshito |last3=Satoh |first3=Nori |title=The expression of nonchordate deuterostome Brachyury genes in the ascidian Ciona embryo can promote the differentiation of extra notochord cells |journal=Mechanisms of Development |date=September 2000 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=155–163 |doi=10.1016/S0925-4773(00)00395-6|pmid=10960780 |s2cid=6732563 }} however, some deuterostomes like enteropneusts can exhibit schizocoely as well.{{Cite journal|last1=Kaul-Strehlow|first1=Sabrina|last2=Stach|first2=Thomas|date=2011-05-11|title=The pericardium in the deuterostome Saccoglossus kowalevskii (Enteropneusta) develops from the ectoderm via schizocoely|journal=Zoomorphology|language=en|volume=130|issue=2|pages=107|doi=10.1007/s00435-011-0125-0|s2cid=22199440|issn=1432-234X}}
Embryonic development
The term refers to the order of organization of cells in the gastrula leading to development of the coelom. In mollusks, annelids, and arthropods, the mesoderm (the middle germ layer) forms as a solid mass of migrated cells from the single layer of the gastrula. The new mesoderm then splits, creating the pocket-like cavity of the coelom.
See also
References
External links
- Enterocoelous and schizocoelous conditions - [http://www.utm.edu/departments/cens/biology/rirwin/enteroschizo.htm UTM.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614160105/http://www.utm.edu/departments/cens/biology/rirwin/enteroschizo.htm |date=2010-06-14 }}
Category:Developmental biology
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