scholarpedia
{{short description|English-language wiki-based online encyclopedia}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Scholarpedia
| logo = Scholarpedia logo.png
| logo_size = frameless
| logo_alt = Official logo of Scholarpedia
| logo_caption = Scholarpedia logo
| screenshot = Scholarpedia.png
| screenshot_size = 250px
| screenshot_alt = Screenshot of the Scholarpedia homepage
| collapsible = Yes
| caption = Scholarpedia homepage
| url = {{URL|www.scholarpedia.org}}
| commercial = No
| type = Online encyclopedia
| language = English
| registration = Optional (required to edit pages)
| content_license = CC BY-NC-SA 3.0
| author =
| editor = Eugene M. Izhikevich (Editor-in-Chief){{Cite web|title=Eugene M. Izhikevich|url=http://scholarpedia.org/article/User:Eugene_M._Izhikevich|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153525/http://scholarpedia.org/article/User:Eugene_M._Izhikevich |archive-date=May 29, 2023 |access-date=August 13, 2023 |website=Scholarpedia}}
| users = 19,133 registered users ({{as of|2022|12|30|alt=December 2022}}){{Cite web |title=Statistics |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:Statistics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230002131/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:Statistics |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |access-date=August 13, 2023 |website=Scholarpedia}}
| current_status = 1,816 peer-reviewed articles ({{as of|2022|12|30|alt=December 2022}})
| launch_date = {{start date and age|2006|2|5}}
| issn = 1941-6016
}}
Scholarpedia is an English-language wiki-based online encyclopedia with features commonly associated with open-access online academic journals, which aims to have quality content in science and medicine.
Scholarpedia articles are written by invited or approved expert authors and are subject to peer review.{{cite web |url=http://applied-neuroscience.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79 |title=Scholarpedia: the free peer-reviewed encyclopedia |website=Society of Applied Neuroscience |date=2006-11-11 |access-date=2014-02-15 |archive-date=2012-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222104006/http://applied-neuroscience.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79}} Scholarpedia lists the real names and affiliations of all authors, curators and editors involved in an article: however, the peer review process (which can suggest changes or additions, and has to be satisfied before an article can appear) is anonymous. Scholarpedia articles are stored in an online repository, and can be cited as conventional journal articles (Scholarpedia has the ISSN number {{ISSN|1941-6016}}). Scholarpedia{{'}}s citation system includes support for revision numbers.
The project was created in February 2006 by Eugene M. Izhikevich, while he was a researcher at the Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, California. Izhikevich also serves as the encyclopedia's editor-in-chief.
Scope
File:Scholarpedia main page.png]]
Scholarpedia content is grouped into separate "encyclopedias". {{As of|2023|August}}, seven of these are described as "focal areas":
- Astrophysics{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Astrophysics|title=Encyclopedia: Astrophysics – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org|access-date=2023-08-12|archive-date=2023-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812192848/http://scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Astrophysics|url-status=live}}
- Celestial mechanics{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Celestial_mechanics|title=Encyclopedia: Celestial mechanics – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org}}
- Computational neuroscience{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Computational_neuroscience|title=Encyclopedia: Computational neuroscience – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org}}
- Computational intelligence{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Computational_intelligence|title=Encyclopedia:Computational intelligence - Scholarpedia|website=www.scholarpedia.org}}
- Dynamical systems{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Dynamical_systems|title=Encyclopedia: Dynamical systems – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org|access-date=2023-08-12|archive-date=2023-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812192840/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Dynamical_systems|url-status=live}}
- Physics{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Physics|title=Encyclopedia: Physics – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org}}
- Touch{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Touch|title=Encyclopedia: Touch – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org}}
Other encyclopedias include diverse areas such as play science{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Play_Science|title=Encyclopedia: Play Science – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org|access-date=2016-02-02|archive-date=2017-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009105847/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Play_Science|url-status=live}} and models of brain disorders.{{cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Models_of_brain_disorders|title=Encyclopedia: Models of brain disorders – Scholarpedia|website=scholarpedia.org|access-date=2016-02-02|archive-date=2017-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003102414/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia:Models_of_brain_disorders|url-status=live}}{{cite web |url=http://mitpress.typepad.com/mitpresslog/2007/01/scholarpedia.html |title=Scholarpedia |date=2007-01-08 |access-date=2007-03-27 |website=The MIT Presslog |archive-date=2011-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725141634/http://mitpress.typepad.com/mitpresslog/2007/01/scholarpedia.html |url-status=live }}
{{As of|2018|November}}, Scholarpedia had 1,804 content pages and 18,149 registered users,{{Cite web|url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:Statistics|title=Statistics|website=Scholarpedia|access-date=November 27, 2018|archive-date=December 30, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230002131/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:Statistics|url-status=live}} while {{as of|lc=y|2021|November}}, it had 1,812 peer-reviewed articles.{{Cite journal |last=Ishchenko |first=Oleksandr |date=2021-12-15 |title=New trends in the encyclopedic practice shaped by the digital age (based on Scholarpedia and Scholarly Community Еncyclopedia) |url=https://evu.encyclopedia.kyiv.ua/article?id=92 |journal=The Encyclopedia Herald of Ukraine |language=uk |volume=13 |pages=46–62 |doi=10.37068/evu.13.4 |s2cid=245244884 |issn=2706-9990 |doi-access=free |archive-date=2022-12-13 |access-date=2022-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213165744/https://evu.encyclopedia.kyiv.ua/article?id=92 |url-status=live }} The article creation count in 2024 was 7{{Cite web |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Special:RecentlyPublished |title=Recently Published Articles |website=Scholarpedia |language=en |access-date=2025-05-07}}
Funding
Scholarpedia
Authorship
To ensure that the articles are written by experts, authors of the various articles in Scholarpedia are either invited by the editor-in-chief or other curators, or selected by a public election. For example, Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger were nominated for the article on Wikipedia.{{cite web |title=User:Eugene M. Izhikevich/Proposed/Wikipedia |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&oldid=37538 |website=Scholarpedia |date=2008-04-20 |access-date=2014-02-15 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122311/http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia&oldid=37538 |url-status=live }} {{As of|2009|May}}, the list of authors included four Fields Medalists and sixteen Nobel Prize winners.{{cite journal |year=2008 |title=Editorial: Wouldn't you like to know? |journal=Nature Physics |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=505 |doi=10.1038/nphys1012|doi-access=free |bibcode=2008NatPh...4..505. }} Registered users must provide their full real name, and a recognized affiliation to an academic institution. Only registered users can edit an article, and those edits are subject to approval by the curator of the article, who is typically the author.{{cite web |title=Help:Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Help:Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_is_an_article_maintained.3F |website=Scholarpedia |access-date=2012-05-25 |at=sec. How is an article maintained? |archive-date=2015-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317202949/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Help:Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_is_an_article_maintained.3F |url-status=live }} Curatorship is transferable. Users have a curator index attribute which is incremented or decremented by various activities and which affects the user's capabilities on the website.
After October 20, 2011, anyone can propose an article for Scholarpedia, but articles must be sponsored by Editors or Curators before the article can be published.{{Cite journal|title = Scholarpedia – Scholarpedia|journal = Scholarpedia|date = 5 February 2006|volume = 1|issue = 2|page = 1|doi = 10.4249/scholarpedia.1|last1 = Izhikevich|first1 = Eugene M.| bibcode=2006SchpJ...1....1I |doi-access = free}}
Copyright
Articles are available online without charge for non-commercial use, but may not be copied in bulk. {{citation needed |date=March 2014}}
Authors are credited on the article page and in the suggested citation formats.{{Cite web |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Help:Frequently_Asked_Questions |title=Scholarpedia FAQ |access-date=2012-05-25 |archive-date=2015-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317202949/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Help:Frequently_Asked_Questions |url-status=live }}
In January 2008 Scholarpedia changed their licensing policy and started accepting articles under the GNU Free Documentation License and the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 license, in addition to the earlier system in which the author gives a non-exclusive license directly to Scholarpedia.{{cite web |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page&oldid=33003#Comments_on_copyright_and_patents |title=Talk:Scholarpedia |date=2008-02-15 |access-date=2014-03-10 |website=Scholarpedia |at=sec. Comments on copyright and patents |archive-date=2012-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523180621/http://www.scholarpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Main_Page&oldid=33003#Comments_on_copyright_and_patents |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Terms_of_Use#Scholarpedia.27s_Licenses_to_You.2C_and_Your_license_to_parties_other_than_Scholarpedia |title=Scholarpedia:Terms of Use |date=2012-09-08 |at=sec. Scholarpedia's Licenses to You, and Your license to parties other than Scholarpedia |website=Scholarpedia |access-date=2014-03-10 |archive-date=2015-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005236/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Scholarpedia:Terms_of_Use#Scholarpedia.27s_Licenses_to_You.2C_and_Your_license_to_parties_other_than_Scholarpedia |url-status=live }}
Software
Scholarpedia uses the same wiki engine as Wikipedia, MediaWiki, with modifications to support voting on revisions. The software's development is done privately.{{cite web |title=Help:Frequently Asked Questions |url=http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Help:Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_can_I_contribute_to_the_source_code.3F |website=Scholarpedia |access-date=2012-05-25 |at=sec. How can I contribute to the source code? |archive-date=2015-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317202949/http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Help:Frequently_Asked_Questions#How_can_I_contribute_to_the_source_code.3F |url-status=live }}
See also
- Nupedia – which had similar design to Scholarpedia
- Citizendium
- List of online encyclopedias
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- {{Official website|name=Scholarpedia official website}}