scorpion mud turtle
{{Short description|Species of turtle}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Scorpion mud turtle
| image = Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum 416917698.jpg
| image_caption = Red-cheeked mud turtle (K. s. cruentatum), in Quintana Roo, Mexico
| status = LR/lc
| status_system = IUCN2.3
| status_ref =
| genus = Kinosternon
| species = scorpioides
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1766)
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
(K. s. scorpioides)
- Testudo scorpioides Linnaeus, 1766
- Testudo tricarinata Retzius, 1792
- Testudo retzii Daudin, 1801
- Emys retzii Schweigger, 1812
- Emys scorpioidea Schweigger, 1812 (ex errore)
- Emys scorpioides Oken, 1816
- Chersine scorpioides Merrem, 1820
- Terrapene tricarinata Merrem, 1820
- Kinosternon brevicaudatum Spix, 1824
- Kinosternon longicaudatum Spix, 1824
- Kinosternon shavianum Bell, 1825
- Terrapene retzii Fitzinger, 1826
- Terrapene scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1826
- Cinosternon brevicaudatum Wagler, 1830
- Cinosternon longicaudatum Wagler, 1830
- Cinosternon scorpioidea Wagler, 1830
- Cinosternon shavianum Wagler, 1830
- Clemmys tricarinata Wagler, 1830
- Emys (Kinosternon) scorpoides Gray, 1831 (ex errore)
- Kinosternon scorpioides Gray, 1831
- Monoclida retziana Rafinesque, 1832
- Uronyx scorpioides Rafinesque, 1832
- Cinosternon scorpioidei Wagler, 1833 (ex errore)
- Cinosternon scorpioideum Wagler, 1833 (ex errore)
- Terrapene scorpioides Schinz, 1833
- Cinosternon scorpioides Duméril & Bibron, 1835
- Kinosternon shawianum Duméril & Bibron, 1835 (ex errore)
- Clemmys (Cinosternon) scorpioidea Fitzinger, 1835
- Kinosternon scorpoides Gray, 1844
- Kinosternon (Swanka) scorpiodes Gray, 1844 (ex errore)
- Kinosternum brevicaudatum LeConte, 1854
- Kinosternum longicaudatum LeConte, 1854
- Kinosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1854
- Cinosternum brevicaudatum Agassiz, 1857
- Cinosternum longicaudatum Agassiz, 1857
- Cinosternum scorpioides Agassiz, 1857
- Cinosternum shavianum Agassiz, 1857
- Thyrosternum longecaudatum LeConte, 1859 (ex errore)
- Thyrosternum scorpioides LeConte, 1859
- Swanka scorpoides Gray, 1869
- Swanka longicaudata Gray, 1870
- Swanka scorpioides Gray, 1872
- Cinosternon shawianum Bocourt, 1876
- Ciniosternon shawianum Sumichrast, 1880
- Cinosternum shawianum Sumichrast, 1882
- Thyrosternum shavianum Garman, 1884
- Cinosternum shawanianum Velasco, 1892 (ex errore)
- Cinosternum scorpioides scorpioides Siebenrock, 1907
- Kinosternon scorpioides pachyurum Müller & Hellmich, 1936
- Kinosternon scorpioides seriei Freiberg, 1936
- Kinosternon panamensis Schmidt, 1946
- Kinosternon scorpioides panamense Mertens & Wermuth, 1955 (ex errore)
- Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
- Kinosternon scorpioides pachyrum Wermuth & Mertens, 1977 (ex errore)
- Kinosternon scorpioides serei Iverson, 1986 (ex errore)
- Kinosternon scorpioides serieli Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993 (ex errore)
- Kinosternon scorpioides carajanensis Rogner, 1996 (ex errore)
(K. s. albogulare)
- Cinosternon albogulare Duméril & Bocourt, 1870
- Cinosternum albogulare Cope, 1875
- Kinosternon cruentatum albogulare Wettstein, 1934
- Kinosternon scorpioides albogulare Dunn & Saxe, 1950
(K. s. cruentatum)
- Cinosternon cruentatum Duméril & Bibron, 1851
- Kinosternum cruentatum LeConte, 1854
- Kinosternum mexicanum LeConte, 1854
- Kinosternon cruentatum Gray, 1856
- Cinosternum cruentatum Agassiz, 1857
- Cinosternum mexicanum Agassiz, 1857
- Kinosternum triliratum LeConte, 1860
- Cinosternon mexicanum Strauch, 1862
- Cinosternon triliratum Strauch, 1862
- Kinosternon mexicanum Müller, 1865
- Swanka cruentata Gray, 1870
- Swanka mexicana Gray, 1870
- Swanka trilirata Gray, 1870
- Thyrosternum cruentatum Garman, 1884
- Cinosternum triliratum Günther, 1885
- Kinosternon cruentatum cruentatum Schmidt, 1941
- Kinosternon cruentatum consors Stejneger, 1941
- Kinosternon crenulatum Pearse, 1945 (ex errore)
- Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum Berry, 1979
- Kinosternon cruentatum consor Obst, 1996 (ex errore) {{hidden end}}
}}
The scorpion mud turtle or Tabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) is a species of mud turtle in the family Kinosternidae. It is found in Mexico, Central and South America.
Description
The scorpion mud turtle is a medium to large kinosternid (mud turtle) with a domed, oval upper shell 92–270 mm (3.6–10.6 in) long. Males regularly exceed 200 mm. The scorpion mud turtle is a highly aquatic, adaptable kinosternid that will live in almost any body of water.
Subspecies
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Subspecies !Common name !Image |
| K. s. scorpioides
(Linnaeus, 1766) |Scorpion mud turtle In Bolívar, Colombia |
| K. s. albogulare
(Duméril and Bibron, 1870) |White-throated mud turtle In San Andrés, Colombia |
| K. s. cruentatum
(Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1851) |Red-cheeked mud turtle In southern Tamaulipas, Mexico |
Diet
File:Kinosternon scorpioides.jpg
It is primarily omnicarnivorous, a glutton, and feeds on a wide variety of aquatic invertebrates (such as insects and their larvae, spiders, shrimp, crabs, snails and worms) and vertebrates (such as fish and frogs), as well as carrion and bird eggshells.{{cite web|url=https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Kinosternon_scorpioides%20-%20Scorpion%20Mud%20Turtle.pdf|title=Kinosternon scorpioides (Scorpion Mud Turtle)|website=Sta.uwi.edu|access-date=9 April 2022}}
It also feeds on plant material such as algae, fruits, flowers, nuts, seeds and aquatic plants.{{cite web | url=https://www.reptilesofecuador.com/kinosternon_scorpioides.html | title=Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) }}
In captivity, poorly fed K. scorpioides can be cannibalistic, biting off the toes and limbs of conspecifics.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
Reproduction and habitat
Females probably lay 1 to 6 hard-shelled eggs. Like many kinosternids, they probably construct a shallow terrestrial nest with little cover.{{cite web |title=Kinosternon scorpiodes (Linnaeus, 1766) |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=1266 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior |accessdate=November 10, 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509172524/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=1266 |archivedate=May 9, 2009}} {{PD-notice}}
Gallery
File:Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides 64675726.jpg|K. s. scorpioides, Bolívar, Colombia
File:Kinosternon cruentatum.jpg|1 year old captive K. s. cruentatum
File:Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) (36375233470).jpg|La Fortuna de San Carlos, Costa Rica
File:Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) captive specimen ... (49532116611).jpg|Aluxes Ecopark, Chiapas, Mexico
File:Kinosternon scorpioides cruentatum 313780022 (cropped).jpg|K. s. cruentatum plastron, Tamaulipas, Mexico
File:Kinosternon scorpioides 399210813.jpg|Plastron, in Campeche, Mexico
File:Kinosternon scorpioides 350585650.jpg|Plastron, in Panama
File:Kinosternon scorpioides 243336409.jpg|Plastron, in Puntarenas, Costa Rica
References
{{Reflist}}
- Linnaeus, 1766 : Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio duodecima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Holmiae, p. 1–532.
- Pritchard, P. C. H. 1979. Encyclopedia of Turtles. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Neptune, New Jersey. 895 pp.
- Pritchard, P. C. H., and P. Trebbau. 1984. The Turtles of Venezuela. Contributions to Herpetology 2. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca. 403 pp., 47 plates, 16 maps.
External links
- [https://archive.today/20130102141606/http://www.empireoftheturtle.com/kinosternon_scorpioides_scorpioi.htm Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides]
{{Kinosternidae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q596405}}
Category:Turtles of North America
Category:Turtles of South America
Category:Reptiles of Central America