scyphate

{{Short description|Type of Byzantine coin}}

Scyphate is a term frequently used in numismatics to refer to the concave or "cup-shaped" Byzantine coins of the 11th–14th centuries.

This usage emerged in the premodern era{{Cite book |last=Biscioni |first=Antonio Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tRtcAAAAQAAJ&q=Biscioni+Prose+di+Dante+Alighieri |title=Prose di Dante Alighieri e di messer Gio. Boccacci |date=1723 |publisher=per Gio. Gaetano Tartini, e Santi Franchi |pages=362 |language=it}} and was solidified by scholars of the 19th century, when the term {{lang|la|scyphatus}}, attested in south Italian documents of the 11th and 12th centuries, was erroneously interpreted as deriving from the Greek word {{Transliteration|el|skyphos}} ({{lang|el|σκύφος}}, 'cup'). In reality, the term probably derives from the Arabic word {{Transliteration|ar|shafah}}, 'edge, rim', and refers to the distinctive and conspicuous border of the early {{Transliteration|el|histamena}} gold coins.{{Cite journal |last=Grierson |first=Philip |title=Nummi scyphati. The Story of a Misunderstanding |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle |volume=11 |pages=253–260 |JSTOR=}} Due to this misunderstanding, the term "scyphate" has been widely applied to the concave gold, silver, and copper coins of the late Byzantine Empire and the foreign issues imitating it. These coins are more properly designated as {{Transliteration|el|trachea}} (singular: {{Transliteration|el|trachy}}, from Greek {{lang|el|τραχύ}}, 'rough, uneven').{{Cite book |last=Grierson |first=Philip |title=Byzantine Coinage |publisher=Trustees for Harvard University |year=1999 |isbn=0-88402-274-9 |edition=2nd |location=Washington, D.C.}}