seaborne target
{{short description|Ships or floating structures shot at for practice}}
Seaborne targets are vessels or floating structures that are shot at for practice by naval or air forces. They may be remotely controlled and mobile, or towed behind other craft, or just set adrift in the sea.
Target ships
File:USS Towers (DDG-9) sinking Pacific Ocean after being used as a target, 9 October 2002 (021009-N-8590B-005).jpg sinking after being used as a target ship]]
{{main|Target ship}}
Target ships are vessels, typically obsolete or captured warships, used for naval gunnery practice or for weapons testing – perhaps most spectacularly in Operation Crossroads (1946), where 95 ships were sunk in a U.S. nuclear weapons test at Bikini Atoll.
Powered targets
In the U.S. Navy, a Seaborne Powered Target (SEPTAR) is an unmanned surface vehicle used as the naval counterpart of a target drone. They are remote-controlled, and all but the smallest can be equipped with electromagnetic emitters to appear as a larger ship on sensors.{{cite news|last=Tarantola|first=Andrew|title=What the Navy Shoots for Target Practice|url=https://gizmodo.com/dont-forget-the-decidedly-less-sexy-killer-tomato-inf-838185280|accessdate=20 July 2013|newspaper=Gizmodo|date=19 July 2013}}
As of 2013, U.S. Navy SEPTARs include:
- Hammerhead usv-t: A high-speed drone capable of multiple vessel attacks.
- Mobile Ship Target (MST): A ship-sized target some {{convert|260|ft|m}} long, with a top speed of {{convert|15|knots|km/h}}.
- QST-35: A fiberglass boat with a top speed of {{convert|30|knots|km/h}}, usable manned or unmanned, or as a mine countermeasure.
- Fast-Attack Craft Target (FACT): A smaller, more agile fiberglass boat with a top speed of {{convert|50|knots|km/h}}, intended to challenge gunners.
- High-Speed Maneuvering Surface Target (HSMST): A boat similar to a harbor patrol boat, designed for operations in shallow waters, with a top speed of {{convert|46|knots|km/h}}.
- Ship-Deployable Surface Target (SDST): A small craft similar to a water scooter, which can also be used as one, with a top speed of {{convert|49|knots|km/h}}.
Turkish Navy variants,
- Aselsan ALBATROS-T High-Speed Unmanned Surface Target Boat{{Cite web|title=Aselsan Albatros T seaborn target|url=https://www.aselsan.com.tr/ALBATROST_Unmanned_Surface_Target_Boat_4676.pdf}}
- Aselsan ALBATROS-K High-Speed Unmanned Surface Target Boat{{Cite web|title=ALBATROS-K|url=https://www.aselsan.com.tr/ALBATROSk_Unmanned_Surface_Target_Boat_1661.pdf}}
Towed targets
File:Kewaydin (ATO-24).jpg towing a target sled]]
Targets can also be towed behind other craft, the counterparts of target tugs in aviation.
The U.S. Navy employs the Low-Cost Modular Target (LCMT), a modular barge made from pontoons, scaffolding and large colored sails as visual targets, which can be shot at with guns or a variety of missiles. It is usually towed by a HSMST.
Free-floating targets
Navies have used all sort of equipment thrown overboard for gunnery practice, such as empty barrels.
Modern free-floating targets are large, inflatable and bright orange; hence the nickname "killer tomato".