semantic publishing

{{Short description|Publishing on the Semantic Web}}

Semantic publishing on the Web, or semantic web publishing, refers to publishing information on the web as documents accompanied by semantic markup. Semantic publication provides a way for computers to understand the structure and even the meaning of the published information, making information search and data integration more efficient.{{Cite journal | last1 = Attwood | first1 = T. K. | author-link1 = Terri Attwood| last2 = Kell | first2 = D. B. | author-link2 = Douglas Kell| last3 = McDermott | first3 = P. | last4 = Marsh | first4 = J. | last5 = Pettifer | first5 = S. R. | author-link5 = Steve Pettifer| last6 = Thorne | first6 = D. | doi = 10.1042/BJ20091474 | title = Calling International Rescue: Knowledge lost in literature and data landslide! | journal = Biochemical Journal | volume = 424 | issue = 3 | pages = 317–333 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19929850 | pmc =2805925 }}Batchelor, C.R., and Corbett, P.T. (2007) Semantic enrichment of journal articles using chemical named entity recognition. Proceedings of the ACL 2007 Demo and Poster Sessions, pages 45–48, Prague, June 2007.{{Cite journal | last1 = Pettifer | first1 = S. | author-link1= Steve Pettifer| last2 = McDermott | first2 = P. | last3 = Marsh | first3 = J. | last4 = Thorne | first4 = D. | last5 = Villeger | first5 = A. | last6 = Attwood | first6 = T. K.| author-link6 = Terri Attwood | doi = 10.1087/20110309 | title = Ceci n'est pas un hamburger: Modelling and representing the scholarly article | journal = Learned Publishing | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 207 | year = 2011 | doi-access = free }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Shotton | first1 = D. | title = Semantic publishing: The coming revolution in scientific journal publishing | doi = 10.1087/2009202 | journal = Learned Publishing | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 85–94 | year = 2009 | doi-access = free | url = https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7f7245ae-5ead-44ed-ad7c-e47a70f3c37c/datastreams/ATTACHMENT01 }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Shotton | first1 = D. | last2 = Portwin | first2 = K. | last3 = Klyne | first3 = G. | last4 = Miles | first4 = A. | editor1-last = Bourne | editor1-first = Philip E | title = Adventures in Semantic Publishing: Exemplar Semantic Enhancements of a Research Article | doi = 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000361 | journal = PLOS Computational Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | at = e1000361 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19381256| pmc =2663789 | bibcode = 2009PLSCB...5E0361S | doi-access = free }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Shadbolt | first1 = Nigel| author-link1 = Nigel Shadbolt| last2 = Berners-Lee | first2 = Tim| author-link2 = Tim Berners-Lee | last3 = Hall | first3 = Wendy| author-link3 = Wendy Hall| doi = 10.1109/MIS.2006.62 | title = The Semantic Web Revisited | journal = IEEE Intelligent Systems | url = http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262614/1/Semantic_Web_Revisted.pdf| volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 96–101 | date = May–June 2006 | s2cid = 7719423}}{{Cite journal | last1 = Berners-Lee | first1 = T. | last2 = Hendler | first2 = J. | title = Publishing on the semantic web | journal = Nature | volume = 410 | issue = 6832 | pages = 1023–1024 | doi = 10.1038/35074206 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11323639 | s2cid = 32243333 }}

Although semantic publishing is not specific to the Web, it has been driven by the rising of the semantic web. In the semantic web, published information is accompanied by metadata describing the information, providing a "semantic" context.{{sfn|Shadbolt|Berners-Lee|Hall|2006}}Stefan Gradmann: [http://www.sconul.ac.uk/events/agm2011/presentations/gradmann.pdf From Catalogs to Graphs: Changing Terms for a Changing Profession]{{Cite journal | first1 = D.| last1 = Hull | first2 = S.| last2 = Pettifer | first3 = D.| last3 = Kell| author-link3 = Douglas Kell| author-link2 = Steve Pettifer| editor1-last = McEntyre| editor1-first = Johanna| title = Defrosting the digital library: bibliographic tools for the next generation web| journal = PLOS Computational Biology| volume = 4| issue = 10| at = e1000204| date=Oct 2008 | issn = 1553-734X| pmid = 18974831| pmc = 2568856| doi = 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000204 | bibcode = 2008PLSCB...4E0204H |doi-access=free}}

Although semantic publishing has the potential to change the face of web publishing, acceptance depends on the emergence of compelling applications. Web sites can already be built with all contents in both HTML format and semantic format.

Examples are:
{{*}}[http://www.mindswap.org/ mindswap] {{verification needed|date=October 2021|reason=Website is in Japanese and is promoting WorldTalk}}
{{*}}{{citation |url=http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/ |title=UMBC ebiquity}}
{{*}}{{cite web |url=http://web2express.org/openlab |publisher=web2express.org |title=Why publishes[sic] raw experiment data? |date=December 5, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106032727/http://web2express.org/openlab/ |archive-date=2007-01-06}} RSS1.0, uses RDF (a semantic web standard) format, although it has become less popular than RSS2.0 and Atom.

Web2express.org applies RDF to various data feeds. Anyone can use their service:

{{cite web |title=Unified Data Feed |url=http://web2express.org/ufeed/ |publisher=web2express.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011023130/http://web2express.org/ufeed/ |archive-date=2007-10-11 |postscript=,}} to create and provide RDF data resources and datafeeds for products, news, events, jobs and studies.

Semantic publishing has the potential to revolutionize scientific publishing. Tim Berners-Lee predicted in 2001 that the semantic web "will likely profoundly change the very nature of how scientific knowledge is produced and shared, in ways that we can now barely imagine".{{harvnb|Berners-Lee|Hendler|2001}} Revisiting the semantic web in 2006, he and his colleagues believed the semantic web "could bring about a revolution in how, for example, scientific content is managed throughout its life cycle".{{sfn|Shadbolt|Berners-Lee|Hall|2006}} Researchers could directly self-publish their experiment data in "semantic" format on the web. Semantic search engines could then make these data widely available. The W3C interest group in healthcare and life sciences is exploring this idea.{{cite web |title=HCLS/ScientificPublishingTaskForce |publisher=W2C

|url=http://esw.w3.org/topic/HCLS/ScientificPublishingTaskForce}} {{cite web |title=About Demo |url=http://web2express.org/demo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104225915/http://www.web2express.org/demo/ |archive-date=2007-01-04 }}