senior captain

In some armies of the world, "senior captain" is a rank between a regular captain and a major. The rank is often only found in armies and air forces. A similar position to that of navy senior captain is the rank of senior colonel.

The rank of {{lang|zh-Latn|da wei}} ({{lang|zh|大尉}}) was used by the People's Liberation Army between 1955 and 1965, and was often translated as senior captain. However, the ranks and insignia derive from the practice of the Soviet Army, which had, like the Red Army before it and the Russian Army today, four company-grade officer ranks: one captain rank and three lieutenant ranks.{{cn|date=July 2021}} The literal translations of those four ranks in Chinese are junior(-grade) officer, mid(-grade) officer, upper(-grade) officer, and senior(-grade) officer. Since the PLA today uses only three ranks of company grade officer, it has become conventional to translate {{lang|zh-Latn|shang wei}} ({{lang|zh|上尉}}) which originally corresponded to the Soviet rank of senior lieutenant, as captain, and hence {{lang|zh-Latn|da wei}}, which corresponded to the Soviet rank of captain, as senior captain.{{cn|date=July 2021}} The corresponding fourth junior office rank of the Vietnamese Army, {{lang|vi|đại úy}}, is usually translated as captain.

In the Afghan National Army and the Afghan National Police, between the ranks of turan (captain) and Jagran (major) is the rank of jag turan. In the case of the Afghan National Police, the rank of jag turan is most commonly translated as "staff captain".{{cn|date=July 2021}}

The rank of senior captain is rare in Western militaries, but can be found in the German military, where the rank of {{lang|de|Stabshauptmann}} ({{lang|de|Stabskapitänleutnant}} in the Navy) was created in 1993 for officers of the {{lang|de|Militärfachlicher Dienst}} (former NCOs in specialist positions) who could not be promoted to field grade. The Belgian Armed Forces use the rank of {{lang|de|captain-commandant}} as a standard rank. Italy uses a title of {{lang|it|primo capitano}} for captains (army, air force and Carabinieri) that have held the rank of captain for a long time, currently nine years or longer.{{cn|date=July 2021}}

In the Czechoslovak Army (and the Czechoslovak People's Army) until 1954, the rank of štábní kapitán (staff captain) was the equivalent rank.

Historically, the British Army used the title of First Captain to identify the company commander in each regiment who was senior to the other company commanders.

Serbian Armed Forces are using rank of Senior captain ({{lang|sr|капетан I класе}}) since 1860. The rank was used by the Royal Serbian Army and Royal Yugoslav Army until 1945. The new communist government has reintroduced rank of Senior captain in 1952 for Yugoslav People's Army. It was used in Armed Forces of Serbia and Montenegro until 2006. In December 2019 Ministry of Defence has decided to reintroduce rank of Senior captain into Serbian Armed Forces.{{cn|date=July 2021}}

HD H 44 Stabshauptmann Art.svg|{{lang|de|Stabshauptmann}}{{cite web |title=Dienstgradabzeichen Heer |url=https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/aktuelles/mediathek/dienstgradabzeichen-heer-69056 |website=bundeswehr.de |publisher=Bundeswehr |access-date=30 May 2021 |language=de}}
(German Army)

Guatemala-army-OF-2b.svg|{{lang|es|Capitán primero}}{{cite web |title=Grados Militares |url=https://www.mindef.mil.gt/grados_militares/grados_militares.html |website=mindef.mil.gt |publisher=Ministry of Defence (Guatemala) |access-date=29 May 2021 |language=es}}
(Guatemalan Army)

IT-Army-OF2a.svg|{{lang|it|Primo capitano}}{{cite web |title=i gradi dell'Esercito Italiano - distintivi di incarico e funzionali |url=http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/equipaggiamenti/gradi_270906.pdf |website=esercito.difesa.it |publisher=Italian Army |access-date=30 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100801094145/http://www.esercito.difesa.it/root/equipaggiamenti/gradi_270906.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2010 |language=it}}
(Italian Army)

Mexico army OF2b.svg|{{lang|es|Capitán primero}}{{cite web |author1=Secretary of National Defense |author1-link=Secretariat of National Defense (Mexico) |title=Manual gráfico para el uso de Uniformes, Divisas y Equipo del Ejército y F.A.M. |trans-title=Graphic manual for the use of Uniforms, Badges and Equipment of the Army and Air Force |url=http://www.sedena.gob.mx/pdf/MGUDEFAM_2019.pdf |access-date=22 May 2021 |language=es |date=27 June 2019}}
(Mexican Army)

In some countries of the world, there is the rank of senior captain. It is also known as commodore or flotilla captain, and captain-commander. A naval senior captain is typically equivalent to the army's senior colonel or brigadier general rank.

In some merchant marines or merchant navies of the world, some shipmasters, with certified particular and recognized seniority in terms of true and effective ocean-going ships' command, are distinguished with the high honorific title of senior captain, officially written and reported as Senior Captain abbreviated as Sr. CAPT or as Snr Capt. ; moreover, in accordance with ancient maritime traditions, they are referred also to as commodore, abbreviated in Cdre, CDRE or CMDE.

==Civil aviation and in the airline industry==

In civil aviation, the position of "senior captain" is a contractual employment position, corresponding to the maximum achievable level for the "captains" of both fixed-wing and rotary-wing civil aviation aircraft, and dependent on particular seniority requirements. It is followed in descending order by the "first captain". In the airline industry, "senior captains" may perform a coordination role in the organization of the shifts and the service of the air-navigation personnel.

The rank of senior captain was used by the Revenue Cutter Service to denote a rank equivalent to a U.S. Navy commander and was established in 1908 during an overhaul of service rank structures by Congress. The rank and title of captain-commandant denoted the head of the Revenue Cutter Service and was superior to the rank of senior captain. The captain-commandant was equivalent in rank to a navy captain. A Revenue Cutter Service captain was equivalent to a navy lieutenant commander at the time.Johnson, p 17Larzelere, p 17

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• {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Robert Irwin|year=1987|title=Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present|publisher=Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-0-87021-720-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/guardiansofseahi00john}}
• {{cite book|last=Larzelere|first=Alex|year=2003|title=The Coast Guard in World War I: An Untold Story|publisher=Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-55750-476-0}}

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Category:Military ranks