sensitive urban zone

Nearly five million people live in zones of difficulty with many problems:

• A high percentage of public housing, with little home ownership.
• High unemployment.
• A low percentage of high-school graduates.

A law passed November 14, 1996 created sensitive urban zones (ZUS) and urban tax-free zones (ZFU). 752 of these zones were created in France, including 718 in mainland France. The law of November 14, 1996 (which implements a renewed urban policy) distinguishes three levels of intervention:

• Sensitive urban zones ({{lang|fr|Zones urbaines sensibles}}, ZUS)
• Urban renewal zones ({{lang|fr|Zones de redynamisation urbaine}}, ZRU)
• Urban tax-free zones ({{lang|fr|Zones franches urbaines}}, ZFU)

The three levels of intervention (ZUS, ZRU and ZFU), characterized by fiscal and social measures of increasing importance, target the difficulties encountered in these districts with differing degrees of response. Contrary to generally accepted ideas, these sensitive districts are in the center of cities and not just the outskirts.[http://www.20minutes.fr/article/77207/Argument-La-carte-des-ZUS-commentee-par-Christophe-Guilluy.php "La carte des ZUS commentée par Christophe Guilluy"], 20minutes.fr, June 1, 2006

The situation in these areas in difficulty was (until recently) difficult to evaluate precisely, based on many statistics which were inadequate in certain areas, scattered or badly collected. To remedy these problems and more accurately measure the effect of policy implementation, the National Observatory of Sensitive Urban Zones (ZUS) was created in a law passed on August 1, 2003.[http://www.ville.gouv.fr/infos/dossiers/observatoire-des-zus.html] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416012115/http://www.ville.gouv.fr/infos/dossiers/observatoire-des-zus.html |date=April 16, 2009 }}

These ZUS are distributed throughout 490 communes and include 4.7 million inhabitants. Among them a subset of 416 zones of urban renewal (ZRU) was created, including 396 in mainland France. The ZRU contain 3.2 million inhabitants, and present unique challenges. Almost all departments are affected; the only exceptions are nine strongly agricultural departments.{{cite web |url=http://www.lesechos.fr/regions/atlas/atlas_06_08_2004.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205211023/http://www.lesechos.fr/regions/atlas/atlas_06_08_2004.htm |archive-date=5 December 2004 |title=??? |work=lesechos.fr |access-date=15 April 2015 }}

In 2010, Raphaël Stainville of French newspaper Le Figaro called certain neighborhoods of the southern city Perpignan "veritable lawless zones", saying they had become too dangerous to travel in at night. He added that the same was true in parts of Béziers and Nîmes.{{cite web |title=Insécurité: "C'était intenable, nous sommes partis" (fr) |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2010/07/31/01016-20100731ARTFIG00004-insecurite-c-etait-intenable-nous-sommes-partis.php |work=Le Figaro |date=August 3, 2010 |first=Raphaël |last=Stainville}} In 2012, {{Interlanguage link multi|Gilles Demailly|fr|3=Gilles Demailly}}, the mayor of the French city Amiens, in the wake of several riots, called the northern part of his city a lawless zone, where one could no longer order a pizza or call for a doctor. The head of a local association said institutional violence had contributed to the tensions resulting in the no-go zone.{{cite web |title=Amiens-Nord, une "zone de non-droit"? (fr) |url=http://www.europe1.fr/france/amiens-nord-une-zone-de-non-droit-1204941 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815071415/http://www.europe1.fr/France/Amiens-Nord-une-zone-de-non-droit-1204941/ |archive-date=August 15, 2012 |date=August 15, 2012 |author=Marie-Laure Combes |author2=Aurélien Fleurot |work=Europe1}}{{Verify quote|date=February 2021}} In 2014, Fabrice Balanche, a scholar of the Middle East, labelled the northern city of Roubaix, as well as parts of Marseille, "mini-Islamic states", saying that the authority of the state is completely absent there.{{cite web |title=Des "mini Etats islamiques" en France (fr) |url=http://www.rts.ch/play/tv/le-19h30/video/des-mini-etats-islamiques-en-france?id=6176389 |work=Radio Télévision Suisse |date=September 25, 2014}} In 2005 France's domestic intelligence network, the Renseignements Generaux, identified 150 "no-go zones" around the country where police would not enter without reinforcements. Christopher Dickey, writing in Newsweek, claimed the situation had arisen due to racism towards immigrants.Christopher Dickey, [http://www.newsweek.com/europes-time-bomb-115189 Europe's Time Bomb], Newsweek, 2005-11-20

In January 2015, after the Charlie Hebdo shooting, several items on Fox News labeled the ZUS as "Islamic no-go zones".{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/paris-attacks-prompt-fears-frances-muslim-no-go-zones-incubating-jihad/ |title=Paris attacks prompt fears France's Muslim 'no-go' zones incubating jihad|author=Karl de Vries|work=Fox News|access-date=15 April 2015}} French media agencies denied these claims.{{cite web|url=http://parisbymouth.com/paris-to-fox-news-eat-me/ |title=Eating & Drinking in the No-Go Zones|work=Paris by Mouth|access-date=15 April 2015}}See also

• Daniel Pipes, [http://www.danielpipes.org/blog/2006/11/the-751-no-go-zones-of-france The 751 No-Go Zones of France], 2006 - 2015;
• many video at Fox News, including:
• Sean Hannity & Robert Spencer (and others), Fox News, 2015-01-08, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lyWrecM1U4g] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrdUZVdSEUQ] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iiC8wQwENY];
• Neil Cavuto & Nolan Peterson, [http://video.foxnews.com/v/3980744730001/french-no-go-zones-in-question-after-paris-terror-attacks/ French 'no-go zones' in question after Paris terror attacks][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BB1KvS90OaQ], 2015-01-09;
• Sean Hannity & Robert Spencer (and Danny Coulson), [http://insider.foxnews.com/2015/01/09/robert-spencer-no-go-zones-are-incubators-islamic-jihad Robert Spencer: 'No-Go Zones' Are Incubators of Islamic Jihad] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118004030/http://insider.foxnews.com/2015/01/09/robert-spencer-no-go-zones-are-incubators-islamic-jihad |date=2015-01-18 }}, Fox News, 2015-01-09, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScN81tUMnFM&feature=emb_logo] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScN81tUMnFM];
• Elisabeth Hasselbeck & Nolan Peterson, [http://insider.foxnews.com/2015/01/10/hundreds-no-go-zones-across-france-are-limits-non-muslims Hundreds of 'No-Go Zones' Across France Are Off-Limits to Non-Muslims] [http://www.blueforcetracker.com/article/Nolan-Peterson-talks-on-Fox-News-about-Frances--no-go-zones-], Fox News, 2015-01-10, Fox & Friends;
• Sean Hannity & Nigel Farage, [http://nation.foxnews.com/2015/01/12/ukip-leader-nigel-farage-europe-has-suffered-moral-cowardice Nigel Farage says Europe has suffered from 'moral cowardice'] [http://video.foxnews.com/v/3985683598001/nigel-farage-says-europe-has-suffered-from-moral-cowardice/] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yMlXEBQGKY][https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5K3ELHk6CU], Fox News, 2015-01-12;
• Nolan Peterson, [http://blueforcetracker.com/article/The-next-French-Revolution The next French Revolution], 2015-01-07 ;
• Nolan Peterson, [http://nationalsecurityzone.org/site/nsji-digital-fellow-nolan-peterson-speaks-on-fox-news-about-french-no-go-zones/ NSJI fellow speaks on Fox News about French "no-go zones"], Medill School of Journalism, 2015-01-12;
• Karl de Vries, [https://www.foxnews.com/world/paris-attacks-prompt-fears-frances-muslim-no-go-zones-incubating-jihad/ Paris attacks prompt fears France's Muslim 'no-go' zones incubating jihad], Fox News, 2015-01-12, include quotes of Soeren Kern & Robert Spencer;
• Rowan Scarborough, [http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/7/french-islamist-mini-states-grow-into-problem-out-/ Muslims segregated from French society in growing Islamist mini-states], Washington Times, 2015-01-07, include quotes of Soeren Kern & Robert Spencer;
• Steven Swinford, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/nigel-farage/11343498/Nigel-Farage-Ghettos-in-French-cities-have-become-no-go-zones-for-non-Muslims.html Nigel Farage: Ghettos in French cities have become no-go zones for non-Muslims], The Telegraph, 2015-01-13;
• [http://mediamatters.org/video/2015/01/09/oreilly-france-brought-a-lot-of-this-terrorism/202085 O'Reilly: "France Brought A Lot Of This Terrorism On Itself"], Media Matters for America, 2015-01-09;
• Mathieu Dehlinger, [http://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/attaque-au-siege-de-charlie-hebdo/sur-fox-news-un-expert-evoque-des-zones-interdites-aux-non-musulmans-en-plein-paris_795721.html Sur Fox News, un expert évoque des zones interdites aux non-musulmans en plein Paris], France Télévisions, 2015-01-13;
• Robin Andraca, [http://www.arretsurimages.net/articles/2015-01-13/Pendant-ce-temps-Fox-News-explore-l-Afghanistan-parisien-id7379 Pendant ce temps, Fox News explore l'Afghanistan parisien], Arrêt sur images, 2015-01-13;
• Pierre Lemerle, [http://www.lexpress.fr/insolite/pour-fox-news-paris-s-apparente-a-bagdad_1640365.html Pour Fox News, Paris s'apparente à Bagdad], lexpress.fr, 2015-01-13;
• [http://www.lepoint.fr/monde/d-apres-fox-news-la-charia-regne-a-paris-13-01-2015-1896274_24.php D'après Fox News, la charia règne à Paris], Le Point, 2015-01-13;
• [http://www.20minutes.fr/monde/1516155-20150113-video-attentat-charlie-hebdo-fox-news-evoque-zones-interdites-non-musulmans-paris VIDEO. Attentat à «Charlie Hebdo»: Fox News évoque des «zones interdites» aux non-musulmans à Paris], 20 minutes (France), 2015-01-03;
• [http://www.metronews.fr/info/charlie-hebdo-quand-fox-news-s-emballe-sur-des-zones-de-non-droit-a-paris/moam!JRwqwPuE4pqbg/ Charlie Hebdo: quand Fox News s'emballe sur des "zones de non-droit" à Paris], Metro, 2015-01-13;
• [http://www.snopes.com/politics/religion/nogozones.asp Sharia Law Muslim 'No-Go' Zones], Snopes, 2015-01-12;
• Dina Rickman, [http://i100.independent.co.uk/article/nigel-farage-was-on-fox-news-and-was-as-bad-as-steve-emerson--gys7U1lA9g Nigel Farage was on Fox News and was as bad as Steve Emerson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117234949/http://i100.independent.co.uk/article/nigel-farage-was-on-fox-news-and-was-as-bad-as-steve-emerson--gys7U1lA9g |date=2015-01-17 }}, The Independent, 2015-01-14;
• Rajeev Syal, [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/jan/13/nigel-farage-ukip-no-go-zones-non-muslim-france-charlie-hebdo Nigel Farage tells Fox News there are no-go zones for non-Muslims in France], The Guardian, 2015-01-13;
• Tim Dowling, [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/14/news-from-fox-and-no-go-zone-brain News from Fox, and the no-go zone of the brain. Steven Emerson's 'Muslim-only' Birmingham comments provoked mirth. But what about his Googling of France?], The Guardian, 2015-01-14;
• [http://www.france24.com/fr/20150114-france-tour-eiffel-cernee-califat-islamiste-selon-foxnews-islam-medias-charia/ La Tour Eiffel cernée par un califat islamiste, selon Fox News !], France 24, 2015-01-14;
• Guillaume Gendron, [http://www.liberation.fr/monde/2015/01/14/pour-fox-news-paris-c-est-bagdad_1180455 Pour Fox News, Paris c'est Bagdad], Libération, 2014-01-14;
• François de la Taille, [http://www.bfmtv.com/societe/fox-news-parle-de-zones-interdites-aux-non-musulmans-en-france-857328.html Fox News parle de zones interdites aux non-musulmans en France], BFMTV, 2015-01-14;
• [http://www.arretsurimages.net/breves/2015-01-15/Fox-News-Afghanistan-parisien-le-journaliste-s-explique-mais-maintient-id18428 Fox News/Afghanistan parisien: le journaliste s'explique (mais maintient)], Arrêt sur images, 2015-01-15;
• four video at Le Petit Journal (Canal+):
• [http://www.canalplus.fr/c-divertissement/c-le-petit-journal/pid6515-le-petit-journal.html?vid=1197114 Les zones interdites de Paris], 2015-01-13;
• [http://www.canalplus.fr/c-divertissement/c-le-petit-journal/pid6515-le-petit-journal.html?vid=1197729 Shut the fuck up Fox News !], 2015-01-14;
• [http://www.canalplus.fr/c-divertissement/c-le-petit-journal/pid6515-le-petit-journal.html?vid=1198382 Shut up Fox News], 2015-01-15;
• [http://www.canalplus.fr/c-divertissement/c-le-petit-journal/pid6515-le-petit-journal.html?vid=1198955&sc_ Opération Fox News], 2015-01-16;
• Alexandre Hervaud, [http://ecrans.liberation.fr/ecrans/2015/01/15/no-go-zones-islamistes-de-paris-l-expert-de-fox-news-s-excuse_1181149 «No-go zones» islamistes de Paris: l'expert de Fox News s'excuse], Libération, 2015-01-15;
• Joshua Keating, [http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/01/15/gerard_araud_the_french_ambassador_to_the_united_states_is_subtweeting_america.html The French Ambassador to the United States Is Subtweeting America], Slate, 2015-01-15;
• Jean-Marie Pottier, [http://www.slate.fr/story/96916/charlie-hebdo-gerard-araud Charlie Hebdo: l'ambassadeur de France aux Etats-Unis n'apprécie pas du tout la couverture médiatique américaine], Slate, 2015-01-16;
• Zack Beauchamp, [https://www.vox.com/2015/1/16/7553975/fox-no-go-zones Fox News informs surprised Parisians they've been conquered by Muslims], vox.com ;
• Carol Matlack, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150115083502/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2015-01-14/debunking-the-muslim-nogo-zone-myth Debunking the Myth of Muslim-Only Zones in Major European Cities], Businessweek, 2015-10-14;
• Aldo Guerrero, [http://fair.org/blog/2015/01/15/the-only-no-go-zones-are-found-in-fox-news-fantasyland/ The Only 'No-Go Zones' Are Found in Fox News' Fantasyland], Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, 2015-01-15;
• [http://www.thelocal.fr/20150115/are-there-really-no-go-zones-in-paris Are there really 'no-go zones' in Paris?], The Local, 2015-01-15;
• [http://www.newscorpse.com/ncWP/?p=24511 French TV: Laughing At The Credibility Of The Fox News Clowns And #FoxNewsFacts], News Corpse, 2015-01-15;
• Robert Mackey, [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/world/europe/fox-news-apologizes-for-false-claims-of-muslim-only-areas-in-england-and-france.html Fox News Apologizes for False Claims of Muslim-Only Areas in England and France], The New York Times, 2015-01-18;

After complaints Fox News issued an apology, saying that there was "no credible information to support the assertion there are specific areas in these countries that exclude individuals based solely on their religion."{{cite web|url=http://video.foxnews.com/v/3995699587001/fox-news-apologizes-for-european-muslim-population-errors/?#sp=show-clips|title=Fox News apologizes for European Muslim population errors|work=Fox News|access-date=15 April 2015}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jan/18/fox-news-apologises-terror-pundit-birmingham-muslim-comments|title=Fox News apologises for terror pundit's 'Birmingham totally Muslim' comments|work=the Guardian|date=18 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015}}{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2015/01/18/fox-news-corrects-apologizes-for-no-go-zone-remarks/|title=Fox News corrects, apologizes for 'no-go zone' remarks|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=15 April 2015}}

{{Portal|France}}

• Banlieue
• Crime in France
• Vulnerable area - a similar classification for areas in Sweden

• [https://sig.ville.gouv.fr/atlas/ZUS/ List of the 751 Zones Urbaines Sensibles]

Category:Contemporary French history

Category:Political terminology in France

Category:Society of France

Category:Riots and civil disorder in France

Civil unrest

Category:2007 riots

Category:Urban decay in Europe

Category:Crime in France