shitomi
{{Short description|Feature of Japanese buildings}}
Shitomi (蔀), also called hajitomi (半蔀) are square-lattice shutters or doors found on older-style Japanese buildings. They are characteristic of the Shinden style,{{cite web |title=Shitomido 蔀戸 |url=http://www.aisf.or.jp/~jaanus/deta/s/shitomido.htm |website=JAANUS}}{{cite web |title=Japanese Architecture |url=http://doyouknowjapan.com/architecture/ |website=Encyclopedia of Japan |language=en}} and the Heian Period (794-1185). They were used in aristocrats' palaces, and more rarely occur in temple buildings.{{cite web |title=Hajitomi: Latticed Shutters |url=https://ninnaji.wordpress.com/2011/04/29/hajitomi/ |website=Ninna-ji Temple Official English Blog |publisher=Ninna-ji Temple |language=en |date=29 April 2011}} They were replaced by sliding panels in the Shoin style.{{cite web |last1=Lao |first1=Todd |title=Shoin Features: Undeveloped Elements |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/ealac/V3613/shoin/undevel.htm |website=www.columbia.edu}}
They are usually split and hinged horizontally; when open, the upper shutter was held up at 90 degrees to the wall with hooks, and the lower half could either be lifted out or folded parallel to the upper shutter. This makes it possible to take down the entire wall and just leave the pillars. They are occasionally referenced in modern architecture.{{cite web |title=House in Shitomido |url=https://leibal.com/architecture/house-shitomido/ |website=leibal.com}}{{cite web |title=Paper Art Museum Shigeru Ban Architects |url=https://www.german-architects.com/en/shigeru-ban-architects-tokyo/project/paper-art-museum |website=German-Architects |language=en}}{{cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Wallpaper |title=The architecture projects reshaping Japan |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/gallery/architecture/the-architecture-projects-reshaping-japan |website=Wallpaper* |date=22 October 2014}}
Extant examples
- Ujigami Shrine{{cite web |title=Ujigami Shrine, Uji's Hidden Shrine - Kansai Odyssey |url=http://kansai-odyssey.com/ujigami-shrine/ |website=kansai-odyssey.com}}
- Osaka Temmangu Shrine{{cite web |title=Osaka Temmangu Shrine |url=https://osaka-bunkazainavi.org/en/bunkazai/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%BA%80%E5%AE%AE}}
- Kinkaku-ji
- Ninna-ji
- Hōryū-ji
Gallery
File:G323-HR07-sd2.jpg|Hook for suspending upper half.
File:G353-41JR-08.jpg|Shitomi, with only the top half opened. There are shōji behind.
File:G322-HR07-14.jpg|Hajitomi are split, and hinged, horizontally. Center, the bottom half has not been lifted out. There are yukimi shōji behind the hajitomi.
File:Murasaki Shikibu Nikki Gotoh1 detail.JPG|Part-opened hajitomi, 1200s. Note round pillars.
File:G324-HR13-08.jpg|Closed, showing how lower half must be lifted out.
File:Kasuga_gongen_genki-e,_Takashina_Takakane,_3-1.jpg|Vertically-hinged shitomi, or folding doors, might be used in a corner. 1309; some highly decorated sliding panels in the interior, green sudare elsewhere.
File:Horyuji Complex June 2019.jpg|Lower shutters from central three bays (inter-pillar spaces) have been lifted out and stacked against the outermost bays
See also
{{commons category|Shitomi (shutters)}}