simar
File:Simar Gamarelli 20050412.jpg
A simar, as defined in the 1913 Webster's Dictionary, is "a woman's long dress or robe; also light covering; a scarf." The word is derived from French simarre, and is also written as cimar, cymar, samare, and simare.
Background
Collins English Dictionary defines "simar" and its variant "cymar" as "a woman's short fur-trimmed jacket, popular in the 17th and 18th centuries".{{cite web|url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cymar|title=Cymar definition and meaning |website=Collins English Dictionary}}
The form "cymar" was used by John Dryden: "Her body shaded with a light cymar".{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/poetsgreatbrita00bellgoog|page=[https://archive.org/details/poetsgreatbrita00bellgoog/page/n299 133]|quote=Her body shaded with a light cymar.|title=The poets of Great Britain complete from Chaucer to Churchill|year=1807|first=John|last=Bell|access-date=14 January 2018|via=Internet Archive}} Walter Scott used the spelling "simarre": "her sable tresses, which, each arranged in its own little spiral of twisted curls, fell down upon as much of a lovely neck and bosom as a simarre of the richest Persian silk, exhibiting flowers in their natural colors embossed upon a purple ground, permitted to be visible".{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oe4SZyAxobkC&dq=%22Walter+Scott%22+simarre&pg=PA81|title=The Waverly Novels: Ivanhoe|first=Walter|last=Scott|date=November 2007|access-date=1 November 2007 |publisher=Wildside Press |isbn=9781434496874|via=Google Books}} Gene Wolfe describes the dress bought by Severian for Dorcas as a "simar" made of raw, yellow-brown linen in his book The Shadow of the Torturer.
In his 1909 book, Costume of Prelates of the Catholic Church, John Abel Felix Prosper Nainfa proposed{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=nainfa+%22adopting+the+English+word+simar%22&btnG=Search+Books|title=nainfa "adopting the English word simar" - Google Search|website=www.google.com}} the use of the English word "simar", instead of the word "cassock", for the cassock with the pellegrina (a shoulder cape which is sometimes detachable) worn by Catholic clergy, which he treated as distinct from the cassock proper. Others too have made the same distinction between the "simar" (with pellegrina) and the "cassock" (without), but many scholars disagree with Nainfa's distinction.{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/liturgy/zlitur444.htm|title=Edward McNamara, 'Birettas and Academic Hats at Mass'}} More particularly, the documents of the Holy See do not make this distinction, and use the term "cassock" or "vestis talaris" whether a pellegrina is attached or is not.
The Instruction on the Dress, Titles and Coats-of-Arms of Cardinals, Bishops and Lesser Prelates{{cite web|url=http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm|title=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Guide|first=Salvador|last=Miranda|website=www.fiu.edu}} of 28 March 1969 states that, for cardinals and bishops, "the elbow-length cape, trimmed in the same manner as this cassock, may be worn over it".[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/instruction69.htm Instruction on the Dress, Titles and Coats-of-Arms of Cardinals, Bishops and Lesser Prelates, 2 and 14] (emphasis added) "Cassock", rather than "simar" is the term that is usually applied to the dress of Popes and other Catholic ecclesiastics. The Instruction also gives no support to Nainfa's claim that the cassock with shoulder cape should not be worn in church services. Nainfa wrote that the garment with the shoulder cape was at that time called a zimarra in Italian. However, the Italian term zimarra is today used rather of a historical loose-fitting overgown, quite unlike the close-fitting cassock with shoulder cape worn today by some Catholic clergy,[http://threadwalker.net/16c-italian-intro.html#timeline Italy in the 16th century] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325011613/http://threadwalker.net/16c-italian-intro.html |date=2012-03-25 }}See zimarra and similar to the fur-lined Schaube that was used in northern Europe.See the German-language article Zimarra{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schaube|title=Category:Schaube - Wikimedia Commons|website=commons.wikimedia.org}} Images of the historical zimarra as worn by women can be seen at "Dressing the Italian Way"{{cite web|url=http://aneafiles.webs.com/renaissancegallery/italian.html|title=Dressing the Italian way|website=aneafiles.webs.com|access-date=2011-06-06|archive-date=2011-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404062750/http://aneafiles.webs.com/renaissancegallery/italian.html|url-status=dead}} and "The Italian Showcase".{{cite web|url=http://realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net/yourgarb/2008/Chris.htm|title=The Italian Showcase - Chris at the Realm of Venus|website=realmofvenus.renaissanceitaly.net}} On the ecclesiastical simar, as defined by Nainfa, see Cassock.
See also
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