sinus tarsi
{{Short description|Section of the hindfoot}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name = Sinus tarsi
| Pronunciation =
| Synonyms = Talocalcaneal sulcus
| Image =Sobo 1909 155.png
| Caption =A labeled diagram of the foot bones, with the sinus tarsi labeled (upper right; next to Tarsus label)
| Width =320
| Image2 =
| Caption2 =
| Latin =
| Greek =
| Origin =
| Precursor =
| System =
| Artery =
| Vein =
| Nerve =
| Lymph =
}}
The sinus tarsi, also known as the talocalcaneal sulcus,{{Cite journal |last=Tu |first=P |date=January 2018 |title=Heel Pain: Diagnosis and Management |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365222 |journal=American Family Physician |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=86–93 |issn=1532-0650 |pmid=29365222}} is a cylindrical canal in the hindfoot. It has a complex anatomy, with five ligamentous structures and a pad of adipose tissue (fat).{{Cite journal |last1=Arshad |first1=Z |last2=Bhatia |first2=M |date=August 2021 |title=Current concepts in sinus tarsi syndrome: A scoping review |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32978087 |journal=Foot and Ankle Surgery|volume=27 |issue=6 |pages=615–21 |doi=10.1016/j.fas.2020.08.013 |issn=1460-9584 |pmid=32978087|s2cid=221937877 }} The tarsal canal opens up into the sinus tarsi,{{Cite journal |last1=Pisani |first1=G |last2=Pisani |first2=PC |last3=Parino |first3=E |date=January 2005 |title=Sinus tarsi syndrome and subtalar joint instability |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0891842204000795 |journal=Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery |language=en |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=63–77 |doi=10.1016/j.cpm.2004.08.005|pmid=15555844 |url-access=subscription }} however, the tarsal canal is a distinct structure.
Structure
The sinus tarsi located in the hindfoot, it is contained by the calcaneus, talus, talocalcaneonavicular joint, and the bottom of the subtalar joint. There are five ligamentous structures present inside it: the intermediate, medial, and lateral roots of the inferior extensor retinaculum; the cervical ligament, and the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. There is also a pad of adipose tissue. The tarsal canal also opens up into the sinus tarsi.
Physiology
Clinical significance
Prior to the discovery of sinus tarsi syndrome, the sinus tarsi was not well studied and was seen as irrelevant.{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Joseph Edmund M.D. |date=1960 |title=The Sinus Tarsi Syndrome |url=https://journals.lww.com/clinorthop/Citation/1960/00180/The_Sinus_Tarsi_Syndrome.20.aspx |journal=Clinical Orthopaedics |volume=18 |pages=231-233}}
= Sinus tarsi syndrome =
Sinus tarsi syndrome is a clinical disorder of pain and tenderness in the sinus tarsi. This disorder can have a variety of causes; however, the most common is an inversion ankle sprain.{{Cite web |title=Sinus Tarsi Syndrome |url=http://www.aapsm.org/sinus_tarsi_syndrome.html |last=Bouché |first=Richard |access-date=2022-12-22 |website=American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine}}
= Surgery access =
In recent years, approaching a displaced intra-articular calcaneus fracture via the sinus tarsi during surgery has been found to be more efficient in reconstructing the bone and less invasive, preserving soft tissue around the bone.{{Cite journal |last1=Khazen |first1=G |last2=Rassi |first2=CK |date=December 2020 |title=Sinus Tarsi Approach for Calcaneal Fractures |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1083751520300917 |journal=Foot and Ankle Clinics |language=en |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=667–81 |doi=10.1016/j.fcl.2020.08.003|pmid=33543722 |s2cid=225001642 |url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Weinraub |first1=GM |last2=David |first2=MS |date=April 2019 |title=Sinus Tarsi Approach with Subcutaneously Delivered Plate Fixation for Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0891842218300892 |journal=Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=225–31 |doi=10.1016/j.cpm.2018.10.005|pmid=30784533 |s2cid=73496271 |url-access=subscription }}