site enhancement oil

{{Short description|Oil used in bodybuilding}}

Site enhancement oil are compounds injected into muscles to increase their size. Synthol{{cite journal |last1=Pupka |first1=Artur |last2=Sikora |first2=Julita |last3=Mauricz |first3=Jakub |last4=Cios |first4=Dariusz |last5=Plonek |first5=Tomasz |title=The usage o f the Synthol in the body building |journal=Polymers in Medicine |date=2009 |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=63–65 |pmid=19580174 |url=http://www.polimery.umed.wroc.pl/en/article/2009/39/1/63/ |language=en |issn=0370-0747}} is injected into muscles to create larger bulges, or injecting PMMA into muscles to shape them. Use of PMMA to shape muscles is prohibited in the United States.{{cite web |url=http://internationalsurgery.com/pmma-injections-and-bodybuilding/ |title=Buttock Lift & Augmentation {{pipe}} PMMA Injections {{pipe}} Non-Surgical BBL |website=internationalsurgery.com |access-date=June 22, 2017 |archive-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521094728/http://internationalsurgery.com/pmma-injections-and-bodybuilding/ |url-status=live }} However, it is not illegal to use synthol.{{Cite web|title=Synthol: The New Vice of Bodybuilding {{!}} The Sport Digest|url=http://thesportdigest.com/archive/article/synthol-new-vice-bodybuilding.html|access-date=2020-08-25|website=thesportdigest.com|archive-date=January 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119180611/http://thesportdigest.com/archive/article/synthol-new-vice-bodybuilding.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|date=2020-07-22|title=Which Body Building Substances Are Legal (and Illegal) in the US?|url=http://bodypass.net/nutrition/body-building-substances-legal/|access-date=2020-08-25|website=BodyPass.net {{!}} Expertise and Experience are combined in one Fitness portal|language=en-US|archive-date=August 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811162550/http://bodypass.net/nutrition/body-building-substances-legal/|url-status=live}}

Site enhancement oil, often called santol or synthol (no relation to the Synthol mouthwash brand), refers to oils injected into muscles to increase the size or change the shape. Some bodybuilders, particularly at the professional level, inject their muscles with such mixtures to mimic the appearance of developed muscle where it may otherwise be disproportionate or lacking. This is known as "fluffing".{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/Fitness/story?id=3179969&page=1|title=Like Implants for the Arms: Synthol Lures Bodybuilders: Risky Injections Mean Massive Muscles for Users|last=Childs|first=Dan|date=May 16, 2007|work=ABC News|access-date=March 4, 2011|archive-date=February 27, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227051848/http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Fitness/story?id=3179969&page=1|url-status=live}} Synthol is 85% oil, 7.5% lidocaine, and 7.5% alcohol. It is not restricted, and many brands are available on the Internet.{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/health/article1782095.ece|title=Bodybuilders puff up with 'Popeye the Sailorman' oil jab|last=Foggo|first=Daniel |date=May 13, 2007|work=Sunday Times|access-date=March 4, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524043824/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/health/article1782095.ece|archive-date=May 24, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} The use of injected oil to enhance muscle appearance is common among bodybuilders,{{cite journal |last1=Henriksen |first1=TF |last2=Løvenwald |first2=JB |last3=Matzen |first3=SH |title=[Paraffin oil injection in bodybuilders calls for preventive action]. |journal=Ugeskrift for Laeger |date=18 January 2010 |volume=172 |issue=3 |pages=219–20 |pmid=20089216}} despite the fact that synthol can cause pulmonary embolisms, nerve damage, infections, sclerosing lipogranuloma,{{cite journal |last1=Schäfer |first1=Ch. N. |last2=Hvolris |first2=J. |last3=Karlsmark |first3=T. |last4=Plambech |first4=M. |title=Muscle enhancement using intramuscular injections of oil in bodybuilding: review on epidemiology, complications, clinical evaluation and treatment |journal=European Surgery |date=April 2012 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=109–115 |doi=10.1007/s10353-011-0033-z|s2cid=27634653 }} stroke, and the formation of oil-filled granulomas, cysts or ulcers in the muscle.{{cite journal |last1=Iversen |first1=L |last2=Lemcke |first2=A |last3=Bitsch |first3=M |last4=Karlsmark |first4=T |title=Compression bandage as treatment for ulcers induced by intramuscular self-injection of paraffin oil. |journal=Acta Dermato-venereologica |date=2009 |volume=89 |issue=2 |pages=196–7 |doi=10.2340/00015555-0583 |pmid=19326015|s2cid=5312926 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Darsow |first1=Ulf |last2=Bruckbauer |first2=Harald |last3=Worret |first3=Wolf-Ingo |last4=Hofmann |first4=Heidelore |last5=Ring |first5=Johannes |title=Subcutaneous oleomas induced by self-injection of sesame seed oil for muscle augmentation |journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology |date=February 2000 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=292–294 |doi=10.1016/S0190-9622(00)90144-0|pmid=10642691 }}{{cite journal |last1=Schäfer |first1=C. N. |last2=Guldager |first2=H. |last3=Jørgensen |first3=H. L. |title=Multi-Organ Dysfunction in Bodybuilding Possibly Caused by Prolonged Hypercalcemia due to Multi-Substance Abuse: Case Report and Review of Literature |journal=International Journal of Sports Medicine |date=January 2011 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=60–65 |doi=10.1055/s-0030-1267200|pmid=21072745 |s2cid=44679273 }} Rare cases might require surgical intervention to avoid further damage to the muscle and/or to prevent loss of life.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}}

Sesame oil is often used in such mixtures, which can cause allergic reactions such as vasculitis.{{cite journal |last1=Koopman |first1=M. |last2=Richter |first2=C. |last3=Parren |first3=R. J. M. |last4=Janssen |first4=M. |title=Bodybuilding, sesame oil and vasculitis |journal=Rheumatology |date=2005 |volume=44 |issue=9 |pages=1135 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/keh712|pmid=16113147 |doi-access=free }}

As the injected muscle is not actually well-developed, it might droop under gravity.