sleep inversion
{{Short description|Reversal of sleeping tendencies}}
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Sleep inversion or sleep-wake inversion is a reversal of sleeping tendencies. Individuals experiencing sleep-wake inversion exchange diurnal habits for nocturnal habits, meaning they are active at night and sleep during the day. Sleep-wake inversion, when involuntary, can be a sign of a serious disorder.{{Cite book |last=Morgan |first=M. Y. |title=Alteration in Circadian Rhythms in patients with liver disease |publisher=University College |year=2010 |location=London}}{{full citation needed|date=August 2024}}
Presentation
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Individuals with the delayed sleep phase type of the disorder exhibit habitually late sleep hours and an inability to change their sleeping schedule consistently. They often show sleepiness during the desired wake period of their days. Their actual phase of sleep is normal. Once they fall asleep, they stay asleep for a normal period of time, albeit a period of time that starts and stops at an abnormally late time.
Causes
Sleep inversion may be a symptom of elevated blood ammonia levels{{Cite journal |last1=Bosoi |first1=Cristina R. |last2=Rose |first2=Christopher F. |date=March 2009 |title=Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain |journal=Metabolic Brain Disease |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=95–102 |doi=10.1007/s11011-008-9112-7 |issn=0885-7490 |pmid=19104924 |s2cid=3330087 |hdl-access=free |hdl=1866/9593}} and is often an early symptom of hepatic encephalopathy.{{cite journal |last1=Mandiga |first1=Pujyitha |title=Hepatic Encephalopathy |date=2020 |journal=StatPearls |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430869/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=28613619 |last2=Foris |first2=Lisa A. |last3=Kassim |first3=Gassan |last4=Bollu |first4=Pradeep C. |archive-date=2022-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618122156/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430869/ |url-status=live }} Sleep inversion is a feature of African trypanosomiasis, after which the disease takes its common name, "African sleeping sickness";{{Cite web |date=2020-04-28 |title=CDC - African Trypanosomiasis - Disease |url=https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/disease.html |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=www.cdc.gov |language=en-us |archive-date=2020-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809101129/https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/disease.html |url-status=dead }} sleep-wake cycle disturbances are the most common indication that the disease has reached the stage where infection spreads into the central nervous system.{{cite journal |last1=Maxfield |first1=Luke |title=Trypanosomiasis (Trypansomiasis) |date=2020 |journal=StatPearls |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535413/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |place=Treasure Island, FL |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30571034 |last2=Bermudez |first2=Rene |archive-date=2021-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417071852/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535413/ |url-status=live }}
See also
References
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Further reading
- {{cite book |title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |edition=4th text revised |location=Washington, DC |publisher= American Psychiatric Association |year=2000}}{{page needed|date=August 2024}}
- {{cite book |last1=Buysse |first1=Daniel J. |first2=Charles M. |last2=Morin |first3=Charles F. III |last3=Reynolds |chapter=Sleep Disorders |title=Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders |editor-first=Glen O. |editor-last=Gabbard |edition=2nd |location=Washington, DC |publisher=American Psychiatric Press |year=1995}}{{page needed|date=August 2024}}
- {{cite book |last1=Hobson |first1=J. Allan |first2=Rosalia |last2=Silvestri |chapter=Sleep and Its Disorders |title=The Harvard Guide to Psychiatry |editor-first=Armand M. Jr. |editor-last=Nicholi |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |year=1999}}{{page needed|date=August 2024}}
- {{Cite web |title=Sleep-wake inversion (Concept Id: C0338497) |department=MedGen |website=NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/572593 |access-date=2024-08-02 |publisher=NIH |language=en}}
- {{cite book|last1=Thorpy |first1=Michael J. |first2=Jan |last2=Yager |title=The Encyclopedia of Sleep and Sleep Disorders |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=Facts on File |year=2001}}{{page needed|date=August 2024}}
External links
- [http://www.asda.org American Sleep Disorders Association]