stadacona
{{about|the 16th-century village|the building in Ottawa|Stadacona Hall|the naval ship|HMCS Stadacona|the stone frigate|CFB Halifax#Stadacona|the seat in the Canadian Senate|List of Quebec senators#Stadacona}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Expand French|date=October 2010|Stadaconé}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Stadacona
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = File:Jacques Cartier Meeting the Indians at Stadacona, 1535.jpg
| image_caption = Jacques Cartier meeting the Indians at Stadacona in 1535, by Suzor-Coté (1907)
| coordinates = {{coord|46.82444|N|71.24344|W}}, present-day Québec City
}}
Stadacona was a 16th-century St. Lawrence Iroquoian village not far from where Quebec City was founded in 1608.
History
French explorer and navigator Jacques Cartier, while travelling and charting the Saint Lawrence River, reached the village of Stadacona in July 1534.Conrad Margaret, Finkel Alvin, Jaenen Cornelius. History of the Canadian Peoples: Beginnings to 1867. Mississauga: Copp Clark Pitman. 1993, p. 92. At the time, the village chief was Donnacona, who showed Cartier five scalps taken in their war with the Toudaman (likely the Miꞌkmaq), a neighbouring people who had attacked one of their forts the previous spring, killing 200 inhabitants. Despite efforts by the people of the village, Cartier seized some inhabitants and their chief,Nelles H.V.. "A Little History of Canada". Don Mills, Ontario. 2005, p. 20. but later released Donnacona, who agreed for his two sons, Taignoagny and Domagaya,Francis Douglas, Jones Richard, Smith Donald B.. "Journeys: A History of Canada". Toronto, Ontario. Thomson Nelson. 2006, p. 27. to return with Cartier to France for a year.Conrad Margaret, Finkel Alvin, Jaenen Cornelius. History of the Canadian Peoples: Beginnings to 1867. Mississauga: Copp Clark Pitman. 1993, p. 92.
Cartier returned to Stadacona with Donnacona's sons on his next voyage in 1535–1536, where he recorded a word they had used to refer to their home: "They call a town, Kanata" (Canada).Francis Douglas, Jones Richard, Smith Donald B.. "Journeys: A History of Canada". Toronto, Ontario. Thomson Nelson. 2006, p. 27. When he and his crew stayed over the winter, they were effectively saved by the Stadaconans, who knew how to prepare for them a Vitamin C-rich broth as a cure for scurvy that had developed among the Cartier's crew, killing a quarter of them.Francis Douglas, Jones Richard, Smith Donald B.. "Journeys: A History of Canada". Toronto, Ontario. Thomson Nelson. 2006, p. 27. The same winter, more than 50 Iroquois of the village died from viral and bacterial diseases carried by the Europeans.Nelles H.V.. "A Little History of Canada". Don Mills, Ontario. 2005, p. 20. After this, Cartier seized Donnacona, his sons, and seven other inhabitants, and took them back to France, where nine of the ten died. None ever returned.Conrad Margaret, Finkel Alvin, Jaenen Cornelius. History of the Canadian Peoples: Beginnings to 1867. Mississauga: Copp Clark Pitman. 1993, p. 93. Five years later, Cartier came back to Stadacona in 1543 to find the village abandoned and destroyed by an unknown enemy, likely due to devastating wars by the Mohawk of the Iroquois or Haudenosaunee confederacy (Five Nations) to the south situated near Lake Ontario.Conrad Margaret, Finkel Alvin, Jaenen Cornelius. History of the Canadian Peoples: Beginnings to 1867. Mississauga: Copp Clark Pitman. 1993, p. 93.
Samuel de Champlain later chose the location of the village to establish the colony of l'Habitation, which eventually grew into the city of Québec.