stavilac
Stavilac ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|ставилац}}, literally meaning "placer") was a court title in Medieval Bosnia and Medieval Serbia in the Middle Ages.{{cite web |author1=Pejo Ćošković |author1-link=Pejo Ćošković |title=Tvrtko I - Kotromanići |url=https://hbl.lzmk.hr/clanak.aspx?id=249 |website=hbl.lzmk.hr |publisher=Hrvatski biografski leksikon |access-date=1 April 2021 |language=hr |date=2009 |quote=Reorganizirao je dvor preuzevši neka zvanja, službe i ceremonijal srpskoga (dijaka je zamijenio logotet, kaznaca protovestijar, naslovu stavilac odgovarala bi bizantska dvorska titula domestika i domestika stolnika).}}{{cite book|author1=Andrija Veselinović|author2=Radoš Ljušić|title=Srpske dinastije|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gWctAQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Službene glasink|isbn=978-86-7549-921-3|page=240}} It was similar to the Byzantine court offices of domestikos and cup-bearer (pinkernes, known in Serbian as peharnik). It had a role in the ceremony at the royal table, though the holder could be entrusted with jobs that had nothing to do with court rituals.{{sfn|Mihaljčić|2001|pp=15–28}} According to studies of Rade Mihaljčić, the holder was in charge of acquiring, preparing and serving food at the royal table.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=34}} It was a confidant duty, given to the highest and most notable nobility, which the ruler relied on in all occasions.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=34}}
History of usage
Its oldest mention is from the Serbian court of King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321), when Đuraš Vrančić had the title.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=34}} The title of stavilac ranked as the last in the hierarchy of the Serbian court, behind čelnik, kaznac, tepčija and vojvoda, the supreme title.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=211}} It was, nevertheless, quite prestigious as it enabled its holder to be very close to the ruler.{{sfn|Mihaljčić|2001|pp=15–28}} In the Dečani chrysobulls, King Stefan Dečanski (r. 1321–1331) mentioned that the court dignitaries present at the Dečani assembly were the kaznac, tepčija, vojvoda, sluga and stavilac.{{cite book|author=Srđan Šarkić|title=Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxQlAQAAIAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Matica srpska|page=66|isbn=9788636303696}} There is not much information on the title-holders at the court of King Stefan Dečanski; there is however much information on those at the court of King and Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–1355).{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=35}}
In Bosnia, this court title appears for the first time with a coronation of the first Bosnian king, Tvrtko I Kotromanić. As soon as he ascended to a Bosnian throne as a king in 1377, Tvrtko reorganized his court reflecting some of the Serbian court-office titles, ceremonials and traditions.
List of Bosnian ''stavilac''
- Tvrtko Vlađević (1378), served King Tvrtko I
- Ivan Radivojević (1392) served King Dabiša
List of Serbian ''stavilac''
File:Prince_Lazar_(Ravanica_Monastery).jpg (ca. 1329–1389), who began as stavilac at the court of Emperor Stefan Dušan, later became the most powerful nobles during the Fall of the Serbian Empire.]]
- Đuraš Vrančić (?), served King Stefan Milutin.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=34}}
- Miloš Vojinović ({{floruit}} 1333), served King Stefan Dušan. Son of Vojvoda Vojin.{{sfn|Blagojević|2001|p=35}}
- Gradislav Sušenica, served King Stefan Dušan. (disputed{{cite book|author1=Božidar Zarković|author2=Dušan Radunović|author3=Vesna Sekulić |author4=Vukosava Stevović |title=Hotačka metohija: prvi hilandaroski posed u Srbiji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6YRAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Institut za srpsku kulturu|page=144|isbn=9788682797265 }})
- Vojislav Vojinović ({{circa}} 1350–55), served Emperor Stefan Dušan. Son of Vojvoda Vojin.
- Lazar Hrebeljanović ({{floruit}} 1355–1362), served Emperor Stefan Dušan and Emperor Uroš V.
See also
- Serbian noble titles
- Stolnik, title in Poland and Muscovy
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|last=Blagojević|first=Miloš|authorlink=Miloš Blagojević|title=Državna uprava u srpskim srednjovekovnim zemljama|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=srAVAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Službeni list SRJ|isbn=9788635504971|language=sr}}
- {{cite book|last1=Ćirković|first1=Sima|authorlink1=Sima Ćirković|last2=Mihaljčić|first2=Rade|authorlink2=Rade Mihaljčić|script-title=sr:Лексикон српског средњег века|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AypYAAAAMAAJ|year=1999|publisher=Knowledge|isbn=9788683233014|language=sr}}
- {{cite book|last1=Dinić|first1=Mihailo|authorlink1=Mihailo Dinić|last2=Ćirković|first2=Sima|authorlink2=Sima Ćirković|script-title=sr:Српске земље у средњем веку: историјско-географске студије|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PH8BAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Српска књижевна задруга|language=sr}}
- {{cite book|last=Mandić|first=Svetislav|title=Velika gospoda sve srpske zemlje i drugi prosopografski prilozi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPkyAAAAMAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Srpska književna zadruga|isbn=9788637900122|language=sr}}
- {{cite book|last=Mihaljčić|first=Rade|year=2001|orig-year=1984| script-title=sr:Лазар Хребељановић: историја, култ, предање| publisher=Srpska školska knjiga; Knowledge| place=Belgrade| language=Serbian| isbn=86-83565-01-7| mode=cs1}}
- {{cite journal|last=Mihaljčić|first=Rade|authorlink=Rade Mihaljčić|title=Ставилац|trans-title=Stavilac|journal=Istorijski časopis|volume=ХХIII|year=1976|pages=5–21}}
- {{cite book|last=Purković|first=Miodrag|title=Srpska kultura srednjega veka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nZpAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Izd. Srpske pravoslavne eparhije za zapadnu Evropu|language=sr}}
- {{cite book|last=Šarkić|first=Srđan|title=Srednjovekovno srpsko pravo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxQlAQAAIAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Matica srpska|isbn=9788636303696|language=sr}}
- {{cite book|last1=Srejović|first1=Dragoslav|last2=Gavrilović|first2=Slavko|last3=Ćirković|first3=Sima M.|title=Istorija srpskog naroda: knj. Od najstarijih vremena do Maričke bitke (1371)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4BNXAAAAYAAJ|year=1982|publisher=Srpska književna zadruga|language=sr}}
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Category:Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)
Category:Court titles in the Middle Ages