substitute (association football)#Super-sub

The origin of football substitutes goes back to at least the early 1860s as part of English public school football games. The original use of the term substitute in football was to describe the replacement of players who failed to turn up for matches. For example, in 1863, a match reports states: "The Charterhouse eleven played a match in cloisters against some old Carthusians but in consequence of the non-appearance of some of those who were expected it was necessary to provide three substitutes.Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Sunday, February 22, 1863; pg. 7.New Readerships" The substitution of absent players happened as early as the 1850s, for example from Eton College where the term emergencies is used.Bell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Sunday, November 11, 1855; p. 7. Numerous references to players acting as a "substitute" occur in matches in the mid-1860sBell's Life in London and Sporting Chronicle (London, England), Saturday, December 17, 1864; Issue 2,226. where it is not indicated whether these were replacements of absent players or of players injured during the match.

While substitution during games was first added to the Laws of the Game in 1958,{{cite web |title=History of the Laws of the Game |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/index.html |website=Fifa.com|access-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070604211337/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/index.html|archive-date=4 June 2007}} there are recorded instances of substitution being permitted on earlier occasions. A friendly in Glasgow between Lancelot and Crosshill in November 1875 saw a Lancelot player injured and Crosshill "allow[ed] them to put a fresh man in his place".{{cite journal |title=Crosshill v Lancelot |journal=North British Daily Mail |date=8 November 1875 |page=6}} The earliest known use of a substitute in a competitive match came on 7 November 1885, when the Lockwood Brothers club used a substitute in an FA Cup first round replay against Notts Rangers, after midfielder F. Brears suffered a broken leg."English Challenge Cup", Athletic News, 10 November 1885, p. 3

The first use of a substitute in international football was on 15 April 1889, in the match between Wales and Scotland at Wrexham. Wales's original goalkeeper, Jim Trainer, failed to arrive; local amateur player Alf Pugh started the match and played for some 20 minutes until the arrival of Sam Gillam, who took over from him.{{cite web |url=http://www.londonhearts.com/scotland/games/18890415.html

|title=Wales 0 Scotland 0 |publisher=www.londonhearts.com |access-date=17 December 2011 |date=15 April 1889}} In 1940, in a match between Mandatory Palestine and Lebanon, Mandatory Palestine centre-half Zvi Fuchs was replaced at half-time by Lonia Dvorin following an injury.{{Cite book |last=Shohat |first=Elisha |year=2006 |location=Hod Hasharon |pages=109–110 |language=he|script-title=he:100 שנות כדורגל: 1906–2006|trans-title=100 Years of Football: 1906–2006}}{{Cite news |url=http://jpress.org.il/Olive/APA/NLI_heb/SharedView.Article.aspx?href=PLS%2F1940%2F04%2F30&id=Ar00900&sk=E28D5529 |title=Lebanon outclassed by Palestine selected |date=30 April 1940 |work=The Palestine Post|access-date=25 March 2020}} Also during the qualifying phase for the 1954 World Cup, Horst Eckel of Germany is recorded as having been replaced by Richard Gottinger in their match with the Saarland on 11 October 1953.{{cite web |url=http://www.topendsports.com/events/worldcupsoccer/hosts/switzerland-1954.htm |title=Switzerland 1954 : World Cup Football Host |publisher=Topendsports.com |access-date=2009-10-25}} The use of substitutes in World Cup matches was not allowed until the 1970 tournament.{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/55/171012-statisticalkit-fifaworldcup-milestonesfactsfigures-statusafterfwc2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521092116/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/55/171012-statisticalkit-fifaworldcup-milestonesfactsfigures-statusafterfwc2010.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2013 |publisher=FIFA |title=FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7 |date=26 March 2013}}

The number of substitutes usable in a competitive match has increased from zero, meaning that teams were reduced if players' injuries could not allow them to play on, to one in 1958; to two out of a possible five in 1988. With the later increases in substitutions allowed, the number of potential substitute players increased to seven.{{cite web |url=http://guardianlv.com/2014/07/fifa-world-cup-fifa-considering-fourth-substitution-in-extra-time/ |title=FIFA World Cup: FIFA Considering Fourth Substitution in Extra Time |work=Guardian Liberty Voice |author=Taylor Rash |date=3 July 2014|access-date=7 January 2015}} The number of substitutes increased to two plus one (injured goalkeeper) in 1994,{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/27870956 |title=World Cup 2014: Golden goals, golf carts and other innovations |author=Mark Mitchener |work=BBC Sport |date=17 June 2014|access-date=7 January 2015}} to three in 1995,{{cite web |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/soccer/2007/11/05/substitute-the-subs-rule/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106130606/http://blogs.reuters.com/soccer/2007/11/05/substitute-the-subs-rule/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 6, 2007 |title=Substitute the subs rule? |work=Reuters Soccer Blog |author=Mitch Phillips |publisher=Reuters |date=5 November 2007|access-date=7 January 2015}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20130217093044/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-laws/1990-2000.html History of the Laws of the Game – 1990–2000], FIFA.com. and to a fourth substitute in certain competitions (starting from UEFA Euro 2016) in extra time.{{Cite web |url=http://www.concacaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/170301_GC-Regulations-Final_EN.pdf |title=Regulations in English 2017 Version |access-date=2017-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905183935/http://www.concacaf.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/170301_GC-Regulations-Final_EN.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-05 |url-status=dead}} In 2020, following a proposal from FIFA, the International Football Association Board allowed for competition organisers to temporarily allow for a maximum of five substitutions (with an additional allowed in extra time, where applicable) to be made in official matches for the remainder of the year in order to lessen the impact of fixture congestion caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there will only be three opportunities to make substitutions (with an additional allowed in extra time, where applicable).{{cite news |url=https://www.theifab.com/news/five-substitutes-option-temporarily-allowed-for-competition-organisers |title=Five substitutes option temporarily allowed for competition organisers |work=International Football Association Board |date=8 May 2020 |access-date=9 May 2020}} This change was made permanent in 2022.{{cite web |title=Soccer: Use of five substitutes to be written into Laws of the Game |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/preview-soccer-five-subs-be-written-into-laws-game-2022-06-12/ |website=Reuters}}

File:Señal de Cambio de Jugador cropped.JPG indicating a substitution]]

File:Tomasz Żelazowski Krystian Kanarski KSZO.jpg

Substitutions are governed under Law 3 of the Laws of the Game in the (3) Substitution Procedure section.{{cite web |url=https://www.theifab.com/laws/latest/the-players/#number-of-substitutions |title=The Laws of the Game. Law 3 – The Players. 3.3 Substitution Procedure |publisher=The IFAB |access-date=13 December 2022}}

A player can be substituted only during a stoppage in play and with the permission of the referee. The player to be substituted (outgoing player) must have left the field of play before the substitute (incoming player) may enter the field of play; at that point the substitute becomes an active player and the person substituted ceases to be an active player. The incoming player may enter the field only at the halfway line. Failure to comply with these provisions may be punished by a caution (yellow card).

A player who has been substituted takes no further part in a match.

Unused substitutes still on the bench, as well as players who have been already substituted, remain under the authority of the referee. These are liable for misconduct, though cannot be said to have committed a foul. For example, in the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Claudio Caniggia was shown the red card for cursing at the referee from the bench.

Under the Laws of the Game, the referee has no specific power to force a player to be substituted, even if the team manager or captain has ordered their player to be substituted. As Law 3 (3) Substitution Procedure simply states that: "if a player who is to be replaced refuses to leave, play continues." However, in some situations, players may still be liable to punishment with a caution (yellow card) if they are perceived to be wasting time or behaving in an unsporting manner by refusing to leave the field of play.

A player who has been sent off (red card) cannot be replaced; the team will have to continue with one fewer player. In the case of a goalkeeper who is sent off, the coach will usually (but is not required to) substitute an outfield player so that the backup goalkeeper can enter the game. For example, in the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, Arsenal midfielder Robert Pires was replaced by second-choice goalkeeper Manuel Almunia to replace Jens Lehmann, who was sent off less than 20 minutes into the match. If all substitutions have been used, or if no goalkeeper is available, an outfield player must take up the role of the goalkeeper. A famous example of this is when Chelsea goalkeepers Petr Čech and Carlo Cudicini were both injured in the same game, which led to defender John Terry spending the remainder of the match in goal wearing third-choice goalkeeper Hilário's shirt.{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_prem/5415980.stm |title=Chelsea substitute keeper Carlo Cudicini was stretchered off in a neck brace as the champions beat Reading |date=14 October 2006 |publisher=BBC}}

According to the Laws of the Game, "the number of substitutes, up to a maximum of five, which may be used in any match played in an official competition will be determined by FIFA, the confederation or the national football association."

Also:

• In national A team matches, up to a maximum of six substitutes may be used.
• In all other matches, a greater number of substitutes may be used provided that:
• the teams concerned reach agreement on a maximum number;
• the referee is informed before the match.
• If the referee is not informed, or if no agreement is reached before the match, no more than six substitutes are allowed.

For lower non-leagues, amateur leagues and social leagues sanctioned by private football organisers in many countries, unlimited substitutions are allowed in each game.

Following the introduction of five substitutions in matches, "substitution opportunities" were established to avoid time-wasting and disruption to the game. Each team is given only three windows (opportunities) during a match to make their five substitutions. For competitions allowing an additional substitution in extra time, each team will have one additional substitution opportunity (any unused substitution opportunities from regular time will carry over to extra time). Substitutions made at half-time, before the start of extra time, and at half-time in extra time do not count towards a team's substitution opportunities. When both teams make a substitution simultaneously, it counts as a used substitution opportunity for both teams. Multiple substitutions (and requests) made by a team during the same stoppage in play count as one used substitution opportunity.

{{see also|Concussions in sport}}

In October 2019, the International Football Association Board (IFAB) began discussing the use of additional substitutions for players who are suspected to have sustained a concussion during a match.{{cite news |url=https://www.theifab.com/news/ifab-advisory-panels-continue-to-discuss-on-key-topics |title=IFAB Advisory Panels continue to discuss on key topics |work=International Football Association Board |date=23 October 2019 |access-date=1 February 2021}} Earlier in the year, the chairman of FIFA's medical committee, Michel D'Hooghe, said the body was open to discussing concussion substitutions.{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-champions-tot-aja-idUKKCN1S80CQ |title=FIFA ready to discuss concussion substitutions – Times |work=Reuters |date=2 May 2019 |access-date=1 February 2021}} UEFA had also called for FIFA and IFAB to allow for temporary substitutes for suspected head injuries.{{cite news |last=Ziegler |first=Martyn |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/uefa-to-ask-fifa-to-consider-concussion-substitutes-5nrg90ngv |title=Uefa calls for temporary subs in concussion cases |work=The Times |date=30 May 2019 |access-date=1 February 2021}}{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0251-0f8e6c171bac-f18e94862ff1-1000/ |title=UEFA to ask FIFA/IFAB for new concussion protocol |work=UEFA |date=29 May 2019 |access-date=1 February 2021}} The idea had been previously discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee five years earlier. However, the prevailing view was that the rule would hurt football's "universality", as it would be difficult to replicate on a grassroots level, and could be exploited to waste time and/or gain an additional substitution.{{cite news |last=Slater |first=Matt |url=https://theathletic.com/1220947/2019/09/19/exclusive-football-set-to-introduce-10-minute-concussion-subs-as-the-game-finally-catches-up/ |title=Exclusive: 10-minute 'concussion subs' set to be introduced as football finally catches up with elite sport |work=The Athletic |date=18 September 2019 |access-date=1 February 2021}}

In 2014, UEFA introduced a rule to allow referees to stop matches for up to three minutes to assess head injuries, with players only allowed to return after the team doctor could confirm the player's fitness to carry on.{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0219-0e8c9a59e033-d6136dab403e-1000/ |title=New concussion procedure |work=UEFA |date=29 September 2014 |access-date=1 February 2021}} The three-minute rule was similarly adopted at the 2018 FIFA World Cup.{{cite news |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/fifa-world-cup/story/3400166/world-cup-doctors-given-access-to-replays-to-assess-concussions |title=World Cup doctors given access to replays to assess concussions |website=ESPN |agency=Associated Press |date=27 February 2018 |access-date=1 February 2021}} The change came following high-profile head injuries at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and calls by FIFPro for FIFA to review its concussion protocol.{{cite news |last=Khetpal |first=Vishal |url=https://slate.com/technology/2018/06/fifas-concussion-rule-changes-wont-solve-the-problem.html |title=FIFA's Rule Changes Won't Solve Soccer's Concussion Problem |work=Slate |date=14 June 2018 |access-date=1 February 2021}}{{cite news |url=https://fifpro.org/news/fifpro-calls-for-concussion-review/en/ |title=FIFPro calls for concussion investigation |work=FIFPro |date=20 June 2014 |access-date=1 February 2021}}

Initially, IFAB had considered a ten-minute assessment period for players suspected of a concussion, with a substitute replacing them in the interim. In December 2019, IFAB agreed to appoint an expert group, composed of sports medical specialists and football experts, to identify options for the assessment and management of suspected concussions during matches.{{cite news |url=https://www.theifab.com/news/2019-annual-business-meeting-confirms-the-ifab-focus-on-concussion-assessment-and-management-in-football |title=2019 Annual Business Meeting confirms The IFAB focus on concussion assessment and management in football |work=International Football Association Board |date=3 December 2019 |access-date=1 February 2021}} Following feedback from the Concussion Expert Group, IFAB announced in February 2020 that it would draw up concussion substitute protocols to be used in trials.{{cite news |url=https://theifab.com/news/the-ifab-agrees-to-implement-substitution-trials-to-address-concussion-incidents |title=The IFAB agrees to implement substitution trials to address concussion incidents |work=International Football Association Board |date=29 February 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021}} In October 2020, the expert group announced that an "additional permanent substitution" protocol would be used to protect the health of players using an "if in doubt, take them out" philosophy, and that trials would start in 2021.{{cite news |url=https://www.theifab.com/news/second-meeting-of-concussion-expert-group |title=Second meeting of Concussion Expert Group recommends trials of additional permanent substitutions |work=International Football Association Board |date=21 October 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021}}{{cite news |url=https://www.theifab.com/news/proposals-for-additional-substitution-trials-in-cases-of-suspected-concussion-supported-by-the-ifabs-advisory-panels |title=Proposals for additional substitution trials in cases of suspected concussion supported by The IFAB's advisory panels |work=International Football Association Board |date=23 November 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021}} The protocol and trial was formally approved by IFAB on 16 December 2020. Under the protocol, players suspected of a concussion will be permanently removed from the match and replaced by a substitute. This prevents a player from sustaining multiple head injuries in a match, prevents teams from suffering a numerical or tactical disadvantage, reduces the pressure on medical personnel to make a quick assessment and can be applied on all levels of the game.{{cite news |url=https://www.theifab.com/news/annual-business-meeting-2020 |title=IFAB approves trials with additional concussion substitutes |work=International Football Association Board |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021}} Competition organisers must be approved by FIFA and IFAB to participate in the trial period, which will last from January 2021 to March 2022.{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Dale |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/blog-fifa/story/4265283/heads-up-football-lawmakers-approve-concussion-subs |title=Heads up: Football lawmakers approve concussion subs |work=ESPN |date=16 December 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021}}

In January 2021, FIFA announced that it would trial concussion substitutes in the following month at the 2020 FIFA Club World Cup.{{cite news |url=https://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/fifa-to-trial-concussion-substitutes-at-fifa-club-world-cuptm |title=FIFA to trial concussion substitutes at FIFA Club World Cup |work=FIFA |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=1 February 2021}} Later that month, it was announced that the Premier League, FA Women's Super League, FA Women's Championship and FA Cup would begin the trial in February 2021.{{cite news |url=https://www.thefa.com/news/2021/jan/29/fa-concussion-substitutions-application-approved-290121 |title=Joint statement on additional permanent concussion substitutions |work=The Football Association |date=29 January 2021 |access-date=1 February 2021}}{{cite news |last=Johnson |first=Dale |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/english-premier-league/story/4301599/premier-league-to-trial-concussion-subs-from-feb-6 |title=Premier League to trial concussion subs from Feb. 6 |work=ESPN |date=29 January 2021 |access-date=1 February 2021}} On 9 February 2021, West Ham United made the first concussion substitution in English football during an FA Cup match against Manchester United, when Issa Diop was replaced by Ryan Fredericks at half-time following a head injury.{{cite web |last=Stone |first=Simon |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/55951207 |title=Solskjaer praises Man Utd mentality |work=BBC Sport |date=10 February 2021 |access-date=21 February 2021}} The trial is also taking place in the Eredivisie, Eerste Divisie and KNVB Cup.{{cite news |url=https://www.knvb.nl/nieuws/betaald-voetbal/competitiezaken/62476/knvb-start-pilot-extra-wissel-bij-hersenschuddingen |title=KNVB start pilot extra wissel bij hersenschuddingen |trans-title=KNVB starts pilot for extra substitution in case of concussions |work=Royal Dutch Football Association |date=2 February 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=nl}}

IFAB announced two protocols for concussion substitutes, with competition organisers able to choose which to use. The use of concussion substitutes will operate in conjunction with other protocols used, including the three-minute break for an on-field concussion assessment.{{cite web |location=Zürich |url=https://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/854/152955_181220_IFAB_Circular_21_EN.pdf |title=IFAB Circular no. 21 |work=International Football Association Board |date=18 December 2020 |access-date=1 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120002711/https://static-3eb8.kxcdn.com/documents/854/152955_181220_IFAB_Circular_21_EN.pdf |archive-date=20 January 2021 |url-status=live }}

Both protocols use the following general principles and procedures:

• A concussion substitution does not count towards the number of substitutions allowed in a match;
• In competitions where the number of named substitutes is the same as the maximum number of substitutes allowed, the concussion substitute can be a player who has previously been substituted out of the match.
• A concussion substitution may be made:
• Immediately after a concussion occurs or is suspected;
• After an initial three-minute on-field assessment, and/or after an off-field assessment;
• At any other time when a concussion occurs or is suspected (including when a player has previously been assessed and has returned to the field of play).
• If a team decides to make a concussion substitution, the match officials must be informed (ideally by using a substitution card/form of a different colour).
• The injured player is not permitted to take any further part in the match, including a penalty shoot-out.

The following principles are specific to each protocol:

• Protocol A
• Each team is permitted to use a maximum of one concussion substitute during a match.
• When a concussion substitute is used, no change will be made to the maximum number of substitutions permitted by the opposing team.
• Protocol B
• Each team is permitted to use a maximum of two concussion substitutes during a match.
• When a concussion substitute is used, the opposing team has the option of using an additional substitute for any reason.
• The opposing team is informed of their additional substitution opportunity by the match officials.
• The additional substitution may be used concurrently with the concussion substitution or at any time thereafter.

The term "super-sub" refers to a player who is not a regular in the starting line-up but who is noted for often coming on a substitute and making a significant impact on the game. Players regarded as "super-subs" include Semih Şentürk for Fenerbahçe, David Fairclough and Divock Origi for Liverpool,{{cite news |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2010/10/04/liverpool-fc-super-sub-david-fairclough-suffers-heart-scare-100252-27395004/ |title=Liverpool FC super-sub David Fairclough suffers heart scare |work=Liverpool Echo |date=4 October 2010 |access-date=22 October 2012}}{{Cite web |last=Bradfield |first=Max |date=2024-08-25 |title=The 11 best super-subs in football history have been ranked - in order |url=https://www.givemesport.com/best-super-subs-football-soccer-history/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=GiveMeSport |language=en}} John Hewitt for Aberdeen,{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuropaleague/news/0191-0e6aad82d08b-0abd4c588720-1000--hewitt-s-glory-in-gothenburg/ |title=Hewitt's glory in Gothenburg|publisher=UEFA|date=19 May 2003|accessdate=10 July 2024}}{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/22461816 |title=Aberdeen's glory in Gothenburg: 30 years on|work=BBC Sport|date=11 May 2013|accessdate=10 July 2024}} Tosaint Ricketts for Vancouver Whitecaps FC, Adam Le Fondre for Reading,{{cite web |last=Boylan |first=James |date=6 February 2013 |title=Adam Le Fondre named Barclays player of the month without starting a game |url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/02/06/adam-le-fondre-named-barclays-player-of-the-month-without-starting-a-game-3383575/ |access-date=10 February 2012}} Ole Gunnar Solskjær, Javier Hernández and Scott McTominay for Manchester United,{{cite news |title=Sizzling super subs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/sports_talk/1271662.stm |work=BBC Sport |date=11 April 2001 |access-date=22 October 2012}}{{cite web |last=Tongue |first=Steve |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/javier-hernandez-replaces-ole-gunnar-solskjaer-as-manchester-uniteds-supersub-8305088.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/javier-hernandez-replaces-ole-gunnar-solskjaer-as-manchester-uniteds-supersub-8305088.html |archive-date=25 May 2022|url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Javier Hernandez replaces Ole Gunnar Solskjaer as Manchester United's super-sub |work=The Independent |date=12 November 2012 |access-date=12 November 2012}}{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Richard |date=13 February 2024 |title=Scott McTominay, Ole Gunnar Solskjaer and Man Utd's greatest ever super subs - RANKED |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/lists/scott-mctominay-ole-gunnar-solskjaer-man-utd-greatest-ever-super-subs-ranked/blta8c0654cd4ff51a3 |access-date=15 March 2024 |website=Goal.com}} Mikael Forssell for Chelsea,{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.ie/ |title=Super sub Forssell just Champion for Chelsea |work=Irish Independent |date=7 March 2002 |access-date=12 March 2015}} Edin Džeko for Manchester City,{{cite web |last=James |first=Stuart |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/21/edin-dzeko-manchester-city-west-bromwich |title=Edin Dzeko rejects 'super sub' tag after rescuing Manchester City |newspaper=The Guardian |date=21 October 2012 |access-date=22 October 2012}} Giovanni Simeone for Napoli,{{Cite web |title=Napoli 2-1 AS Roma (29 de Ene., 2023) Análisis del partido |url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/futbol/reporte/_/juegoId/644815 |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=ESPN DEPORTES |language=es}} Brendon Santalab for Western Sydney Wanderers,{{cite web |last1=Greco |first1=John |title=Santa's secret to his super-sub success |url=http://www.a-league.com.au/article/western-sydney-wanderers-striker-brendon-santalab-reveals-secret-to-his-success/15zixhc04v7dz1nw60x8wrgr8y |website=A-League |publisher=Football Federation Australia|access-date=10 February 2016}} Henrique for Brisbane Roar,{{cite web |url=http://www.a-league.com.au/article/mulvey-lauds-super-sub-henrique/zqg1amor5oiu15nfb3o8g7wrv |title=Mulvey lauds super-sub Henrique |author=Bennett, Josh |date=14 November 2014 |publisher=A-League}} Stevie Kirk for Motherwell,{{Cite web |last=Dailyrecord.co.uk |date=2011-05-19 |title=Stevie Kirk recalls his finest hour |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/local-sport/stevie-kirk-recalls-finest-hour-2570895 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=Daily Record |language=en}} Archie Thompson, Joshua Kennedy and Tim Cahill for Australia,{{Cite web |url=https://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/news/1156317/Thompson-relishes-super-sub-role |title=Thompson relishes super-sub role : The World Game on SBS |access-date=2018-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621023321/https://theworldgame.sbs.com.au/news/1156317/Thompson-relishes-super-sub-role |archive-date=2013-06-21 |url-status=bot: unknown}}{{Cite web |date=2009-04-01 |title=Super-sub Josh Kennedy has Socceroos headed for World Cup |url=https://www.bordermail.com.au/story/43970/super-sub-josh-kennedy-has-socceroos-headed-for-world-cup/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.bordermail.com.au |language=en-au}}{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2013 |title=Super-sub Kennedy sends Socceroos to Brazil |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/super-sub-kennedy-sends-socceroos-to-brazil/s43vle44q |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=SBS News |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Lucius |first=Adam |date=2013-11-19 |title=Tim Cahill happy to be Socceroos super sub {{!}} Sporting News Australia |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/au/other-sports/news/tim-cahill-happy-to-be-socceroos-super-sub/ghsq97x4eju01epjbs5vd3ju0 |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=www.sportingnews.com |language=en-au}}{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/football/tim-cahill-happy-to-play-role-of-impact-sub-after-coming-on-to-score-against-costa-rica/story-fni2wcjl-1226764604058 |title=Tim Cahill happy to play role of impact sub after coming on to score against Costa Rica |author=Davutovic, David |date=20 November 2013 |newspaper=Herald Sun}} Fernando Llorente for Tottenham Hotspur,{{Cite web |last=Campanale |first=Susy |date=2019-08-13 |title=Napoli leading Llorente race - Football Italia |url=https://football-italia.net/napoli-leading-llorente-race/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=football-italia.net |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |last=Nash |first=Mathew |date=2019-05-09 |title=Jose Mourinho and Rio Ferdinand praise super-sub Fernando Llorente |url=https://tbrfootball.com/jose-mourinho-and-rio-ferdinand-praise-super-sub-fernando-llorente/ |access-date=2025-01-19 |website=TBR Football |language=en-GB}} Roger Milla for Cameroon, Oliver Bierhoff for Germany, Ilsinho for Philadelphia Union,{{Cite web |last=Fishman |first=Nick |date=2019-11-13 |title=Season review: Ilsinho redefines what it means to be a "super sub" |url=https://phillysoccerpage.net/2019/11/13/season-review-ilsinho-redefines-what-it-means-to-be-a-super-sub/ |access-date=2020-12-10 |website=The Philly Soccer Page |language=en-US}} and Abby Wambach and Carli Lloyd for the United States women's team.{{Cite web |last=Litman |first=Laken |url=https://ftw.usatoday.com/2015/06/abby-wambach-uswnt-sub-womens-world-cup |title=USWNT legend Abby Wambach reflects on her new role as an occasional super sub |date=20 June 2015 |website=For The Win |publisher=USA Today |language=en|access-date=2019-06-03}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/90minutes/ct-90mins-uswnt-face-greater-challenges-in-their-quest-for-2nd-straight-world-cup-20190524-story.html |title=USWNT face greater challenges in their quest for 2nd straight World Cup |last=Peterson |first=Anne M. |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |agency=Associated Press |date=24 May 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-03}}

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{{Association football laws}}

Category:Association football terminology