sylvatic cycle
{{short description|Pathogen transmission cycle portion}}
The sylvatic cycle, also enzootic or sylvatic transmission cycle, is a portion of the natural transmission cycle of a pathogen. Sylvatic refers to the occurrence of a subject in or affecting wild animals. The sylvatic cycle is the fraction of the pathogen population's lifespan spent cycling between wild animals and vectors. Humans are usually an incidental or dead-end host, infected by a vector. This is opposed to a "domestic" or "urban" cycle, in which the pathogen cycles between vectors and non-wild, urban, or domestic animals; humans may have differing infection rates from these cycles due to transmission efficiencies and environmental exposure levels.
Examples of pathogens that contain a sylvatic cycle include trichinosis,{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmitt N, Saville JM, Greenway JA, Stovell PL, Friis L, Hole L |title=Sylvatic trichinosis in British Columbia: potential threat to human health from an independent cycle |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=189–93 |year=1978 |pmid=635095 |pmc=1431877}} dengue viruses,{{cite journal |author=Vasilakis N |title=Evolutionary processes among sylvatic dengue type 2 viruses |journal=J. Virol. |volume=81 |issue=17 |pages=9591–5 |year=2007 |pmid=17553878 |doi=10.1128/JVI.02776-06 |pmc=1951459 |name-list-style=vanc|author2=Holmes EC |author3=Fokam EB |display-authors=3 |last4=Faye |first4=O. |last5=Diallo |first5=M. |last6=Sall |first6=A. A. |last7=Weaver |first7=S. C.}} Yersinia pestis,[http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm Plague: Yersinia pestis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113020111/http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm |date=2008-01-13 }} Chagas disease,{{cite journal |author=Fernandes O |title=The complexity of the sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene |journal=Parasitology |volume=118 |issue= 2|pages=161–6 |year=1999 |pmid=10028530 |doi= 10.1017/s0031182098003709|name-list-style=vanc|author2=Mangia RH |author3=Lisboa CV |display-authors=3 |last4=Pinho |first4=AP |last5=Morel |first5=CM |last6=Zingales |first6=B |last7=Campbell |first7=DA |last8=Jansen |first8=AM|s2cid=2124778 }}{{Cite web|url=http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/tropical/chagas/chapter4.html|title=EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHAGAS DISEASE|website=www.dbbm.fiocruz.br}} and rabies.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JAnABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |page=15 |title=Rabies in Man and Animals |author=Sudhi Ranjan Garg |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2013|isbn=9788132216056 }}