syntheism
{{short description|New religious movement}}
{{distinguish|Synthesis anarchism}}File:Syntheism logo.svg
Syntheism is a new religious movement that is focused on how atheists and pantheists can achieve the same feelings of community and awe experienced in traditional theistic religions.{{Citation |last=Paulas |first=Rick |title=Can an Open-Source Religion Work? |date=2014-10-28 |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/can-an-open-source-religion-work-456/ |publisher=VICE |access-date=2014-12-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111110725/http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/can-an-open-source-religion-work-456 |archive-date=2014-11-11}}.
The Syntheist Movement sees itself as the practical realisation of a philosophical ambition for a new religion dating back as far as Baruch Spinoza's philosophy in the 17th century and, most directly, British-American philosopher Alfred North Whitehead's pioneering work towards a process theology in his books Religion in the Making in 1926 and Process and Reality in 1929.Whitehead, A.N. (1926). Religion in the Making (New York: Fordham University Press, 1996).Whitehead, A.N. (1929). Process and Reality. An Essay in Cosmology. Gifford Lectures Delivered in the University of Edinburgh During the Session 1927–1928, Macmillan, New York, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Syntheism may also be viewed as a response to the lack of atheistic and pantheistic belief systems in Western cultures (outside of Epicureanism), while being more abundant in Eastern cultures, for example as Zen Buddhism, Dzogchen Buddhism, Advaita Vedanta Hinduism, and Jainism.{{cite book|last1=Hegel|first1=G.W.F.|title=Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art, Vol. I|date=1998|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford, UK|isbn=978-0198238164|page=364}}
Etymology
Syntheism was coined from the Greek syntheos (from syn- for with or creating with and -theos for god). It implies that the proper approach to the concept of God is that humanity has created, creates or will eventually create God – as opposed to the traditional monotheistic view that God created the world and humanity.
Besides the activism of The Syntheist Movement, a syntheistic approach to philosophy and religion has also been advocated by American philosopher Ray Kurzweil in his concept of the forthcoming Singularity.{{cite book|last1=Kurzweil|first1=Ray|title=The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence|date=1999|publisher=Viking|isbn=978-0965086134|title-link=The Age of Spiritual Machines}} It is also supported by French philosopher Quentin Meillassoux in his idea of "God is a concept far too important to leave to the religious" in his book After Finitude.Meillassoux, Quentin (2006). Après la finitude. Essai sur la nécessité de la contingence, Paris, Seuil, coll. L'ordre philosophique (foreword by Alain Badiou).
Communities
Syntheism has an international Facebook community with over 1,500 members.The Syntheist Movement [ca. 2012], in Facebook [The Syntheist Movement]. Retrieved 2015-01-01 from https://www.facebook.com/groups/109834425805191/. Its website hosts a blog, holy festival information, and links to media and other resources.{{cite web|title=The Syntheist Movement|url=http://syntheism.org|website=syntheism.org|accessdate=2015-01-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218111532/http://syntheism.org/|archivedate=2014-12-18}} A Swedish community of over 700 members has held several local events.{{Citation |last=Bard |first=Alexander |title=And Here Are Some People Pictures From the Syntheist Workshop at Lindsberg, Sweden |date=2014-06-09 |url=http://syntheism.org/index.php/2014/06/and-here-are-some-people-pictures-from-the-syntheist-workshop-at-lindsberg-sweden |accessdate=2014-12-26 |archive-date=2015-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103185050/http://syntheism.org/index.php/2014/06/and-here-are-some-people-pictures-from-the-syntheist-workshop-at-lindsberg-sweden/ |url-status=dead }}.Synteisterna [ca. 2012], in Facebook [Synteisterna]. Retrieved 2015-01-01 from https://www.facebook.com/groups/341167132580625/.
Spiritual naturalism is considered to be an American version of Syntheism.{{Citation |last=Mattocks |first=Jeremy |title=Syntheism: A Naturalistic Spirituality in Europe |date=30 September 2014 |url=http://spiritualnaturalistsociety.org/syntheism-a-naturalistic-spirituality-in-europe/ |accessdate=2014-12-26}}.
Notable works
When Swedish cyberphilosophers Alexander Bard and Jan Söderqvist published their syntheist manifesto [http://www.bokus.com/bok/9789175471839/syntheism-creating-god-in-the-internet-age/ Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age] in October 2014, it became the first book to actively use the term Syntheism in its title. Bard & Söderqvist frequently quote Stuart Kauffman, Sam Harris, Robert Corrington and Simon Critchley in the book, but also find inspiration for a syntheist worldview from a variety of contemporary phenomena such as digitalisation, globalisation, participatory culture, psychedelic practices, quantum physics and the science of cosmology.{{Citation |last=Piesing |first=Mark |title=Is the internet God? Alexander Bard's Syntheism paves the way for a new elite |date=2014-10-07 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/07/god-internet-alexander-bard-syntheism-new-elite |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=2014-12-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008091116/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/07/god-internet-alexander-bard-syntheism-new-elite |archivedate=2014-10-08}}.
Beliefs
Syntheism is the belief that the classic division between theism and atheism in theology has become redundant and must be overcome to fulfill contemporary and future spiritual needs. This requires the acknowledgement that all metaphysical beliefs center on a divinity or focal point which is man-made. Therefore, all current and future religious beliefs are created by humans, as well as systems such as Individualism developed by philosophers like Immanuel Kant.{{cite book|author1=Bard, Alexander|author2=Söderqvist, Jan|title=Syntheism - Creating God in the Internet Age|date=2014|publisher=Stockholm Text|isbn=978-9175471839}}
Despite being human creations, what is important is that these beliefs strengthen, and not contradict, science. They must therefore be developed within a monist worldview (the conviction that there is one world and one world only, and that everything within this one world can affect everything else). In a more poetic vein, Bataille describes his atheology as “the art of non-knowledge”. He rather advocates a syntheist religion without a core set of beliefs. Participatory festivals with utopian themes such as Burning Man are considered examples of syntheistic practice.
{{Quotation|text=To me, the name “God” is an amazing name for all the dreams of humanity projected into one point. What would you name that? You would name it God. And that is what we need to do, to retake the “God” word but just give God proper qualities that we can actually believe in. In that case, Syntheos is the God that we choose to believe in and can believe in. Whatever that means.|author=Alexander Bard|title="Alexander Bard on Syntheism: Death, God, the Universe, and Burning Man"|source=The Forumist{{Citation
| last = Wallenberg
| first = Petter
| title = Alexander Bard on Syntheism: Death, God, the Universe, and Burning Man
| publisher = The Forumist
| url=http://theforumist.com/alexander-bard-on-syntheism/
| accessdate = 2014-12-26
| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141226212723/http://theforumist.com/Alexander-bard-on-syntheism/
| archivedate = 2014-12-26| date = 2014-12-02
}}.}}
Criticisms
See also
References
{{Reflist|2}}