taaffeite
{{short description|Rare gemstone}}
{{Infobox mineral
| name = Taaffeite
| category = Oxide minerals
| image = Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S-53105.jpg
| caption = Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S (Mg3Al8BeO16)
| formula = BeMgAl4O8
| strunz = 4.FC.25
| system = Hexagonal
| class = Dihexagonal pyramidal (6mm)
Trigonal dipyramidal ({{overline|3}}m)
(magnesiotaaffeite-6N'3S and ferrotaaffeite-6N'3S)
| color = Colorless, greyish violet, violet red, red, greenish, light green, pink violet, mauve
| habit = Prismatic, alluvial grains
| twinning = By reflection on (0001)?
| cleavage = Imperfect/fair/absent
| fracture = Conchoidal
| mohs = 8–8.5
| luster = Vitreous
| refractive = nω = 1.722, nε = 1.777
| opticalprop = Uniaxial
| birefringence = δ = 0.055
| pleochroism = Weak
| streak = White
| gravity = 3.60–3.61
| melt =
| fusibility =
| diagnostic =
| solubility =
| diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent
| other =
}}
Taaffeite ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɑː|f|aɪ|t}}; BeMgAl4O8) is a mineral, named after its discoverer Richard Taaffe (1898–1967) who found the first sample, a cut and polished gem, in October 1945 in a jeweler's shop in Dublin, Ireland.Dept. Mineralogy, British Museum, June 7 1951 [http://rruff.info/uploads/MM29_765.pdf Taaffeite, a new beryllium mineral, found as a cut gem-stone.] Retrieved February 2015 As such, it is the only gemstone to have been initially identified from a faceted stone. Taaffeite is a million times rarer than diamonds and comes in shades of purple, pink, red. Most pieces of the gem, prior to Taaffe, had been misidentified as spinel. For many years afterwards, it was known only in a few samples, and it is still one of the rarest gemstone minerals in the world.
Since 2002, the International Mineralogical Association-approved name for taaffeite as a mineral is magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S.
Discovery
Taaffe bought a number of precious stones from a jeweller in October 1945. Upon noticing inconsistencies between the taaffeite and spinels, Taaffe sent some examples to B. W. Anderson of the Laboratory of the London Chamber of Commerce for identification on 1 November 1945. When Anderson replied on 5 November 1945, he told Taaffe that they were unsure of whether it was a spinel or something new; he also offered to write it up in Gemologist.
Properties
File:Magnesiotaaffeite-2N2S-76500.jpg, Sri Lanka]]
In 1951, chemical and X-ray analysis confirmed the principal constituents of taaffeite as beryllium, magnesium and aluminium, making taaffeite the first mineral to contain both beryllium and magnesium as essential components.
The confusion between spinel and taaffeite is understandable as certain structural features are identical in both. Anderson et al.,Anderson, B.W., Payne, C.J., and Claringbull, G.F., (1951) [http://rruff.info/uploads/MM29_765.pdf Taaffeite, a new beryllium mineral, found as a cut gemstone]. Mineralogical Magazine 29, pp. 765–772 classified taaffeite as an intermediate mineral between spinel and chrysoberyl. Unlike spinel, taaffeite displays the property of double refraction that allows distinction between these two minerals.
Usage
Formation and occurrence
Taaffeite occurs in carbonate rocks alongside fluorite, mica, spinel and tourmaline. This extremely rare mineral is increasingly found in alluvial deposits in Sri Lanka and southern Tanzania, as well as lower grade taaffeite in limestone sediments in China.