tawny-browed owl
{{Short description|Species of owl}}
{{Use American English|date=September 2021}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana -Parque Estadual da Serra da Cantareira, Sao Paulo, Brasil-8.jpg
| image_caption= Tawny-browed Owl adult at Serra da Cantareira state park, São Paulo state, Brazil
| image2 = Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana - Tawny-browed Owl (young).jpg
| image2_caption = Tawny-browed Owl subadult at Serra do Mar state park, São Luiz do Paraitinga, São Paulo state, Brazil
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}
| genus = Pulsatrix
| species = koeniswaldiana
| authority = (Bertoni, MS & Bertoni, AW, 1901)
| synonyms =
| range_map = Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana map.svg
}}
The tawny-browed owl (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana) is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |title=IOC World Bird List (v 11.2) |last1=Gill |first1= F. |last2=Donsker|first2=D.|last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2021 }}
Taxonomy and systematics
The tawny-browed owl may form a superspecies with band-bellied owl (Pulsatrix melanota). It has been suggested that they are conspecific but they have different morphology and vocalizations. It is monotypic.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
Description
The tawny-browed owl is about {{convert|44|cm|in|abbr=on}} long. Males weigh {{convert|405|to|562|g|oz|abbr=on}} and females {{convert|331|to|670|g|oz|abbr=on}}. It has a brown facial disk surrounded by ochre, a white chin patch, and creamy "brows" over chestnut-brown eyes. Its breast, upperparts, and tail are dark chocolate brown, and the tail has white bars. The belly is buff and the rest of the underparts are light ochre. The juvenile is initially almost entirely white and gradually attains adult plumage over several years.Holt, D. W., R. Berkley, C. Deppe, P. L. Enríquez, J. L. Petersen, J. L. Rangel Salazar, K. P. Segars, K. L. Wood, E. de Juana, and J. S. Marks (2020). Tawny-browed Owl (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.tabowl1.01 retrieved September 7, 2021.
Distribution and habitat
The tawny-browed owl is found in Brazil from Espírito Santo state south to northern Rio Grande do Sul and the immediately adjacent areas of eastern Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. It inhabits humid tropical forest, open woodland, and forest dominated by Araucaria evergreens. In elevation it ranges from sea level to about {{convert|1500|m|ft|abbr=on}}.
Behavior
=Feeding=
=Breeding=
The tawny-browed owl's breeding phenology has been poorly studied. Its nesting season has not been determined. The clutch size is usually two, laid in a tree cavity, and incubated by the female. Both parents care for fledged young.
=Vocalization=
{{birdsong|url=https://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Pulsatrix-koeniswaldiana |species=tawny-browed owl}}
The male tawny-browed owl makes a "[l]ow, descending sequence of guttural, ventriloquial 'brrr brrr brrr brrr' or 'ut ut ut ut ut' notes, accelerating and weaker at [the] end", to which the female responds with a higher pitched call.
Status
References
{{Commons category|Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q974890}}
Category:Birds of the Atlantic Forest
Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot