tenascin X

TN-X possesses a modular structure composed, from the N- to the C-terminal part by a Tenascin assembly domain (TAD), a series of 18.5 repeats of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like motif, a high number of Fibronectin type III (FNIII) module, and a fibrinogen (FBG)-like globular domain.{{cite journal | vauthors = Jones FS, Jones PL | title = The tenascin family of ECM glycoproteins: structure, function, and regulation during embryonic development and tissue remodeling | journal = Developmental Dynamics | volume = 218 | issue = 2 | pages = 235–259 | date = June 2000 | pmid = 10842355 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(200006)218:2<235::AID-DVDY2>3.0.CO;2-G | s2cid = 16267174 | doi-access = free }}

The TNXB gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC class III) region on chromosome 6. The structure of this gene is unusual in that it overlaps the CREBL1 and CYP21A2 genes at its 5' and 3' ends, respectively.

{{See also|RCCX}}

The TNXB gene has an associated pseudogene, TNXA.

Both TNXA and TNXB genes are located within the RCCX cluster, which consists of a series of modules with genes close to each other: serine/threonine kinase 19 (STK19), complement 4 (C4), steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21), and tenascin-X (TNX).{{cite journal |vauthors=Carrozza C, Foca L, De Paolis E, Concolino P |title=Genes and Pseudogenes: Complexity of the RCCX Locus and Disease |journal=Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) |volume=12 |issue= |at=709758 |date=2021 |pmid=34394006 |pmc=8362596 |doi=10.3389/fendo.2021.709758 |doi-access=free }} In a monomodular structure of the RCCX cluster, all of the genes are functional, i.e. protein-coding, but if there are two or more modules within the cluster, there is only one copy of each functional gene rest being non-coding pseudogenes with the exception of the C4 gene which always has active copies.{{cite journal |vauthors=Bánlaki Z, Doleschall M, Rajczy K, Fust G, Szilágyi A |title=Fine-tuned characterization of RCCX copy number variants and their relationship with extended MHC haplotypes |journal=Genes Immun |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=530–535 |date=October 2012 |pmid=22785613 |doi=10.1038/gene.2012.29 |s2cid=36582994 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Bánlaki Z, Szabó JA, Szilágyi Á, Patócs A, Prohászka Z, Füst G, Doleschall M |title=Intraspecific evolution of human RCCX copy number variation traced by haplotypes of the CYP21A2 gene |journal=Genome Biol Evol |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=98–112 |date=2013 |pmid=23241443 |pmc=3595039 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evs121}} For example, in a bimodular configuration most common among Europeans, the cluster consists of the following genes: STK19-C4A-CYP21A1P-TNXA-STK19B-C4B-CYP21A2-TNXB.{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim JH, Kim GH, Yoo HW, Choi JH |title=Molecular basis and genetic testing strategies for diagnosing 21-hydroxylase deficiency, including CAH-X syndrome |journal=Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=77–86 |date=June 2023 |pmid=37401054 |pmc=10329939 |doi=10.6065/apem.2346108.054}} As such, TNXA is a duplicated copy of TNXB, but is incomplete, therefore, TNXA a pseudogene that is transcribed but does not encode a protein.{{NCBI RefSeq|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7146|title=TNXA tenascin XA (pseudogene) [ Homo sapiens (human) ]}}{{NCBI RefSeq|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7148|title=TNXB tenascin XB [ Homo sapiens (human)}}

The presence of the pseudogeneis a consequence of MHC class III locus duplication during evolution. Strong 3' homology between TNXB and TNXA can provoke genetic recombination between the two loci, thus leading to the apparition of TNXA/TNXB chimera{{cite journal | vauthors = Merke DP, Chen W, Morissette R, Xu Z, Van Ryzin C, Sachdev V, Hannoush H, Shanbhag SM, Acevedo AT, Nishitani M, Arai AE, McDonnell NB | title = Tenascin-X haploinsufficiency associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 98 | issue = 2 | pages = E379–E387 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23284009 | pmc = 3565116 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2012-3148 }}.

TN-X is constitutively expressed in adult tissues such as skin, ligaments, tendons, lungs, kidneys, optic nerves, mammary and adrenal glands, blood vessels, testis, and ovaries. It is also found in different compartments of the digestive tract, including pancreas, stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon. In this wide variety of organs, TN-X is mainly located within the connective tissue such as peritendineum (external structural component of tendons), epimysium and perimysium (muscle components), renal glomeruli, blood vessels and skin dermis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Valcourt U, Alcaraz LB, Exposito JY, Lethias C, Bartholin L | title = Tenascin-X: beyond the architectural function | journal = Cell Adhesion & Migration | volume = 9 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 154–165 | date = 2015-01-02 | pmid = 25793578 | pmc = 4422802 | doi = 10.4161/19336918.2014.994893 }} TN-X has been proposed to have an important structural and architectural function, especially within the skin. In fact, in vitro experiments demonstrate that TN-X physically interacts with fibrillar collagens type I, III and V, as well as FACIT (Fibrillar Associated Collagen with Interruption of the Triple helix) including type XII and XIV collagens.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lethias C, Carisey A, Comte J, Cluzel C, Exposito JY | title = A model of tenascin-X integration within the collagenous network | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 580 | issue = 26 | pages = 6281–6285 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17078949 | doi = 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.10.037 | s2cid = 29297624 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2006FEBSL.580.6281L }} It also interacts with Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β{{cite journal | vauthors = Alcaraz LB, Exposito JY, Chuvin N, Pommier RM, Cluzel C, Martel S, Sentis S, Bartholin L, Lethias C, Valcourt U | title = Tenascin-X promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by activating latent TGF-β | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 205 | issue = 3 | pages = 409–428 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24821840 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.201308031 | pmc = 4018787 }} which is a pro-fibrotic cytokine and Decorin, a small 100 kDa dermatan sulfate proteoglycan that plays a crucial role in collagen fibrillogenesis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Elefteriou F, Exposito JY, Garrone R, Lethias C | title = Binding of tenascin-X to decorin | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 495 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 44–47 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11322944 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02361-4 | s2cid = 13988411 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2001FEBSL.495...44E }} In vivo, transmission electron microscopy coupled with immuno-labelling confirms the very close location of TN-X with collagen fibers in dermis, tendons and kidney glomeruli.{{cite journal | vauthors = Lethias C, Descollonges Y, Boutillon MM, Garrone R | title = Flexilin: a new extracellular matrix glycoprotein localized on collagen fibrils | journal = Matrix Biology | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–19 | date = April 1996 | pmid = 8783183 | doi = 10.1016/S0945-053X(96)90122-5 }}

In addition to this architectural function, TN-X also demonstrated counter-adhesive properties, at least for human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63), murine embryonic fibroblasts (MRC-5) as well as human endothelial cells (ECV-304).{{cite journal | vauthors = Elefteriou F, Exposito JY, Garrone R, Lethias C | title = Cell adhesion to tenascin-X mapping of cell adhesion sites and identification of integrin receptors | journal = European Journal of Biochemistry | volume = 263 | issue = 3 | pages = 840–848 | date = August 1999 | pmid = 10469149 | doi = 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00563.x | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Fujie S, Maita H, Ariga H, Matsumoto K | title = Tenascin-X induces cell detachment through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation | journal = Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin | volume = 32 | issue = 10 | pages = 1795–1799 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19801846 | doi = 10.1248/bpb.32.1795 | doi-access = free | hdl = 2115/53700 | hdl-access = free }}

Homozygous mutations,{{cite journal | vauthors = Morissette R, Chen W, Perritt AF, Dreiling JL, Arai AE, Sachdev V, Hannoush H, Mallappa A, Xu Z, McDonnell NB, Quezado M, Merke DP | title = Broadening the Spectrum of Ehlers Danlos Syndrome in Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 100 | issue = 8 | pages = E1143–E1152 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 26075496 | pmc = 4525000 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2015-2232 }} heterozygous compound (bi-allelic) mutations{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen W, Perritt AF, Morissette R, Dreiling JL, Bohn MF, Mallappa A, Xu Z, Quezado M, Merke DP | title = Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Caused by Biallelic TNXB Variants in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | journal = Human Mutation | volume = 37 | issue = 9 | pages = 893–897 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 27297501 | pmc = 4983206 | doi = 10.1002/humu.23028 }} or haploinsufficiency in TN-X cause classical-like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS),{{cite journal | vauthors = Malfait F, Francomano C, Byers P, Belmont J, Berglund B, Black J, Bloom L, Bowen JM, Brady AF, Burrows NP, Castori M, Cohen H, Colombi M, Demirdas S, De Backer J, De Paepe A, Fournel-Gigleux S, Frank M, Ghali N, Giunta C, Grahame R, Hakim A, Jeunemaitre X, Johnson D, Juul-Kristensen B, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kazkaz H, Kosho T, Lavallee ME, Levy H, Mendoza-Londono R, Pepin M, Pope FM, Reinstein E, Robert L, Rohrbach M, Sanders L, Sobey GJ, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Wheeldon N, Zschocke J, Tinkle B | title = The 2017 international classification of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 8–26 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 28306229 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.c.31552 | s2cid = 4440499 | doi-access = free }} a rare and hereditary connective tissue disorder in mice{{cite journal | vauthors = Mao JR, Taylor G, Dean WB, Wagner DR, Afzal V, Lotz JC, Rubin EM, Bristow J | title = Tenascin-X deficiency mimics Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in mice through alteration of collagen deposition | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 421–425 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11925569 | doi = 10.1038/ng850 | s2cid = 21274161 }} and humans.{{cite journal | vauthors = Schalkwijk J, Zweers MC, Steijlen PM, Dean WB, Taylor G, van Vlijmen IM, van Haren B, Miller WL, Bristow J | title = A recessive form of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by tenascin-X deficiency | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 345 | issue = 16 | pages = 1167–1175 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11642233 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa002939 | hdl = 2066/185552 | s2cid = 42748708 | hdl-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Demirdas S, Dulfer E, Robert L, Kempers M, van Beek D, Micha D, van Engelen BG, Hamel B, Schalkwijk J, Loeys B, Maugeri A, Voermans NC | title = Recognizing the tenascin-X deficient type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a cross-sectional study in 17 patients | journal = Clinical Genetics | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 411–425 | date = March 2017 | pmid = 27582382 | doi = 10.1111/cge.12853 | s2cid = 205001452 }} This pathology is characterized by skin hyperlaxity, joint hypermobility and global tissue weakness as a consequence of elastin fragmentation and reduced collagen density, especially in skin.{{cite journal | vauthors = Zweers MC, Schalkwijk J, van Kuppevelt TH, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Bergers M, Lethias C, Lamme EN | title = Transplantation of reconstructed human skin on nude mice: a model system to study expression of human tenascin-X and elastic fiber components | journal = Cell and Tissue Research | volume = 319 | issue = 2 | pages = 279–287 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15558324 | doi = 10.1007/s00441-004-1011-6 | s2cid = 5889106 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Voermans NC, Jenniskens GJ, Hamel BC, Schalkwijk J, Guicheney P, van Engelen BG | title = Ehlers-Danlos syndrome due to tenascin-X deficiency: muscle weakness and contractures support overlap with collagen VI myopathies | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A | volume = 143A | issue = 18 | pages = 2215–2219 | date = September 2007 | pmid = 17702048 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.a.31899 | s2cid = 6760626 }}

Tenascin-X (TNX) protein was discovered during studies of human steroidogenesis and its disorders, particularly in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, rather than during studies of connective tissue disorders. Researchers sequenced a 2.7 kb cDNA clone that showed similarities to tenascin, leading to the identification of the XB gene.{{cite journal |vauthors=Morel Y, Bristow J, Gitelman SE, Miller WL |title=Transcript encoded on the opposite strand of the human steroid 21-hydroxylase/complement component C4 gene locus |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |volume=86 |issue=17 |pages=6582–6 |date=September 1989 |pmid=2475872 |pmc=297888 |doi=10.1073/pnas.86.17.6582 |doi-access=free |bibcode=1989PNAS...86.6582M |url=}} This gene was initially called "Gene X" because its nature and function were unknown at the time. Further research revealed that this gene encodes the Tenascin-X protein, which belongs to the family of tenascins.{{cite journal |vauthors=Miller WL |title=Tenascin-X-Discovery and Early Research |journal=Front Immunol |volume=11 |issue= |pages=612497 |date=2020 |pmid=33505400 |pmc=7829301 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2020.612497 |doi-access=free |url=}}

{{clear}}

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin | 2}}

• {{cite journal | vauthors = Goepel C | title = Differential elastin and tenascin immunolabeling in the uterosacral ligaments in postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse | journal = Acta Histochemica | volume = 110 | issue = 3 | pages = 204–209 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18155129 | doi = 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.10.014 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Yuan Y, Nymoen DA, Stavnes HT, Rosnes AK, Bjørang O, Wu C, Nesland JM, Davidson B | title = Tenascin-X is a novel diagnostic marker of malignant mesothelioma | journal = The American Journal of Surgical Pathology | volume = 33 | issue = 11 | pages = 1673–1682 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 19738457 | pmc = 2783994 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181b6bde3 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Egging D, van Vlijmen-Willems I, van Tongeren T, Schalkwijk J, Peeters A | title = Wound healing in tenascin-X deficient mice suggests that tenascin-X is involved in matrix maturation rather than matrix deposition | journal = Connective Tissue Research | volume = 48 | issue = 2 | pages = 93–98 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17453911 | doi = 10.1080/03008200601166160 | s2cid = 34586536 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Egging DF, van Vlijmen-Willems I, Choi J, Peeters AC, van Rens D, Veit G, Koch M, Davis EC, Schalkwijk J | title = Analysis of obstetric complications and uterine connective tissue in tenascin-X-deficient humans and mice | journal = Cell and Tissue Research | volume = 332 | issue = 3 | pages = 523–532 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18335242 | pmc = 2386751 | doi = 10.1007/s00441-008-0591-y }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kato A, Endo T, Abiko S, Ariga H, Matsumoto K | title = Induction of truncated form of tenascin-X (XB-S) through dissociation of HDAC1 from SP-1/HDAC1 complex in response to hypoxic conditions | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 314 | issue = 14 | pages = 2661–2673 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18588874 | doi = 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.05.019 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Bristow J, Carey W, Egging D, Schalkwijk J | title = Tenascin-X, collagen, elastin, and the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | journal = American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part C, Seminars in Medical Genetics | volume = 139C | issue = 1 | pages = 24–30 | date = November 2005 | pmid = 16278880 | doi = 10.1002/ajmg.c.30071 | s2cid = 23825221 | url = https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc873227/ | access-date = 2019-07-11 | archive-date = 2022-06-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220610113224/https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc873227/ | url-status = live }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Fellay J, Ge D, Shianna KV, Colombo S, Ledergerber B, Cirulli ET, Urban TJ, Zhang K, Gumbs CE, Smith JP, Castagna A, Cozzi-Lepri A, De Luca A, Easterbrook P, Günthard HF, Mallal S, Mussini C, Dalmau J, Martinez-Picado J, Miro JM, Obel N, Wolinsky SM, Martinson JJ, Detels R, Margolick JB, Jacobson LP, Descombes P, Antonarakis SE, Beckmann JS, O'Brien SJ, Letvin NL, McMichael AJ, Haynes BF, Carrington M, Feng S, Telenti A, Goldstein DB | title = Common genetic variation and the control of HIV-1 in humans | journal = PLOS Genetics | volume = 5 | issue = 12 | pages = e1000791 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 20041166 | pmc = 2791220 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000791 | veditors = McCarthy MI | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kamatani Y, Matsuda K, Ohishi T, Ohtsubo S, Yamazaki K, Iida A, Hosono N, Kubo M, Yumura W, Nitta K, Katagiri T, Kawaguchi Y, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y | title = Identification of a significant association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in TNXB with systemic lupus erythematosus in a Japanese population | journal = Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 53 | issue = 1 | pages = 64–73 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18058064 | doi = 10.1007/s10038-007-0219-1 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Valdes AM, Thomson G | title = Several loci in the HLA class III region are associated with T1D risk after adjusting for DRB1-DQB1 | journal = Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism | volume = 11 | pages = 46–52 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19143814 | pmc = 2755069 | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.01002.x | series = 11 | issue = Suppl 1 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Yu CY | title = Molecular genetics of the human MHC complement gene cluster | journal = Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics | volume = 15 | issue = 4 | pages = 213–230 | year = 1998 | pmid = 10072631 | doi = 10.1159/000019075 | s2cid = 25061446 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Endo T, Ariga H, Matsumoto K | title = Truncated form of tenascin-X, XB-S, interacts with mitotic motor kinesin Eg5 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry | volume = 320 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 53–66 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 18679583 | doi = 10.1007/s11010-008-9898-y | s2cid = 23394214 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Sovio U, Bennett AJ, Millwood IY, Molitor J, O'Reilly PF, Timpson NJ, Kaakinen M, Laitinen J, Haukka J, Pillas D, Tzoulaki I, Molitor J, Hoggart C, Coin LJ, Whittaker J, Pouta A, Hartikainen AL, Freimer NB, Widen E, Peltonen L, Elliott P, McCarthy MI, Jarvelin MR | title = Genetic determinants of height growth assessed longitudinally from infancy to adulthood in the northern Finland birth cohort 1966 | journal = PLOS Genetics | volume = 5 | issue = 3 | pages = e1000409 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19266077 | pmc = 2646138 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000409 | veditors = Gibson G | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Araújo VC, Furuse C, Cury PR, Altemani A, Alves VA, de Araújo NS | title = Tenascin and fibronectin expression in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma | journal = Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–53 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 18091320 | doi = 10.1097/PAI.0b013e31802eff1c | s2cid = 23304572 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Gudbjartsson DF, Walters GB, Thorleifsson G, Stefansson H, Halldorsson BV, Zusmanovich P, Sulem P, Thorlacius S, Gylfason A, Steinberg S, Helgadottir A, Ingason A, Steinthorsdottir V, Olafsdottir EJ, Olafsdottir GH, Jonsson T, Borch-Johnsen K, Hansen T, Andersen G, Jorgensen T, Pedersen O, Aben KK, Witjes JA, Swinkels DW, den Heijer M, Franke B, Verbeek AL, Becker DM, Yanek LR, Becker LC, Tryggvadottir L, Rafnar T, Gulcher J, Kiemeney LA, Kong A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K | title = Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 40 | issue = 5 | pages = 609–615 | date = May 2008 | pmid = 18391951 | doi = 10.1038/ng.122 | s2cid = 3005450 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Barcellos LF, May SL, Ramsay PP, Quach HL, Lane JA, Nititham J, Noble JA, Taylor KE, Quach DL, Chung SA, Kelly JA, Moser KL, Behrens TW, Seldin MF, Thomson G, Harley JB, Gaffney PM, Criswell LA | title = High-density SNP screening of the major histocompatibility complex in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrates strong evidence for independent susceptibility regions | journal = PLOS Genetics | volume = 5 | issue = 10 | pages = e1000696 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19851445 | pmc = 2758598 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000696 | veditors = Roopenian DC | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = McKinnon E, Morahan G, Nolan D, James I | title = Association of MHC SNP genotype with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: a modified survival approach | journal = Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism | volume = 11 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 92–100 | date = February 2009 | pmid = 19143821 | pmc = 2755510 | doi = 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.01009.x }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chapuis J, Hot D, Hansmannel F, Kerdraon O, Ferreira S, Hubans C, Maurage CA, Huot L, Bensemain F, Laumet G, Ayral AM, Fievet N, Hauw JJ, DeKosky ST, Lemoine Y, Iwatsubo T, Wavrant-Devrièze F, Dartigues JF, Tzourio C, Buée L, Pasquier F, Berr C, Mann D, Lendon C, Alpérovitch A, Kamboh MI, Amouyel P, Lambert JC | title = Transcriptomic and genetic studies identify IL-33 as a candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease | journal = Molecular Psychiatry | volume = 14 | issue = 11 | pages = 1004–1016 | date = November 2009 | pmid = 19204726 | pmc = 2860783 | doi = 10.1038/mp.2009.10 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Vignal C, Bansal AT, Balding DJ, Binks MH, Dickson MC, Montgomery DS, Wilson AG | title = Genetic association of the major histocompatibility complex with rheumatoid arthritis implicates two non-DRB1 loci | journal = Arthritis and Rheumatism | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 53–62 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19116923 | doi = 10.1002/art.24138 | doi-access = }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Buysschaert ID, Grulois V, Eloy P, Jorissen M, Rombaux P, Bertrand B, Collet S, Bobic S, Vlaminck S, Hellings PW, Lambrechts D | title = Genetic evidence for a role of IL33 in nasal polyposis | journal = Allergy | volume = 65 | issue = 5 | pages = 616–622 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 19860791 | doi = 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02227.x | s2cid = 33878118 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Gudbjartsson DF, Bjornsdottir US, Halapi E, Helgadottir A, Sulem P, Jonsdottir GM, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir H, Steinthorsdottir V, Stefansson H, Williams C, Hui J, Beilby J, Warrington NM, James A, Palmer LJ, Koppelman GH, Heinzmann A, Krueger M, Boezen HM, Wheatley A, Altmuller J, Shin HD, Uh ST, Cheong HS, Jonsdottir B, Gislason D, Park CS, Rasmussen LM, Porsbjerg C, Hansen JW, Backer V, Werge T, Janson C, Jönsson UB, Ng MC, Chan J, So WY, Ma R, Shah SH, Granger CB, Quyyumi AA, Levey AI, Vaccarino V, Reilly MP, Rader DJ, Williams MJ, van Rij AM, Jones GT, Trabetti E, Malerba G, Pignatti PF, Boner A, Pescollderungg L, Girelli D, Olivieri O, Martinelli N, Ludviksson BR, Ludviksdottir D, Eyjolfsson GI, Arnar D, Thorgeirsson G, Deichmann K, Thompson PJ, Wjst M, Hall IP, Postma DS, Gislason T, Gulcher J, Kong A, Jonsdottir I, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K | title = Sequence variants affecting eosinophil numbers associate with asthma and myocardial infarction | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 342–347 | date = March 2009 | pmid = 19198610 | doi = 10.1038/ng.323 | s2cid = 4964308 }}

{{refend}}

• [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=gene&part=eds3 GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Hypermobility Type]

{{NLM content}}

{{PDB Gallery|geneid=7148}}

{{Fibrous proteins}}

Category:Tenascins