three-source hypothesis

{{Infobox synoptic hypothesis

| name = Three-source hypothesis

| image = Three-source (Mark-Q Matthew) theory.svg

| other_name =

| order = Q
Marcan Priority
Matt
Luke

| additional_sources = Q source

| Matthew = Q, Mark

| Mark = (Q)

| Luke = Q, Mark, Matt, Luke

| originator =

| originating_work =

| origination_date =

| proponents = Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Eduard Simons, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Edward Y. Hincks, Robert Morgenthaler, Robert H. Gundry

| opponents =

}}

{{Short description|Issue in biblical criticism}}

The three-source hypothesis is a candidate solution to the synoptic problem. It combines aspects of the two-source hypothesis and the Farrer hypothesis. It states that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke used the Gospel of Mark and a sayings collection as primary sources, but that the Gospel of Luke also used the Gospel of Matthew as a subsidiary source. The hypothesis is named after the three documents it posits as sources, namely the sayings collection, the Gospel of Mark, and the Gospel of Matthew.

The sayings collection may be identified with Q, or with a subset of QW. Wilkens "Die Versuchung Jesu nach Matthäus" NTS 28 (1982) 479-489 if some (typically narrative-related) material normally assigned to Q is instead attributed to Matthew's creativity in conjunction with Luke's use of Matthew.

This theory has been advocated by Heinrich Julius Holtzmann,H. J. Holtzmann, "Zur synoptischen Frage", pp. 553–54 in Jahrbücher für protestantische Theologie 4 (1878) Eduard Simons,E. Simons, Hat der dritte Evangelist den kanonischen Matthäus benutzt? (Bonn: Carl Georgi 1880) Hans Hinrich Wendt, H. H. Wendt, Die Lehre Jesu (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1886) Edward Y. Hincks,E. Y. Hincks, "The Probable Use of the First Gospel by Luke", JBL Vol. 10 No. 2 (1891), pp. 92–106 Robert MorgenthalerR. Morgenthaler, Statistische Synopse (Zürich: Gotthelf 1971) and Robert H. Gundry.R.H.Gundry, Matthew, A Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art (Michigan: Eerdmans 1982)

Alternatively, M.A.T. Linssen{{Cite journal|last=Linssen|first=Martijn|date=2020-08-12|title=Absolute Thomasine priority - the Synoptic Problem solved in the most unsatisfactory manner|url=https://www.academia.edu/40695711|journal=Absolute Thomasine Priority|language=en|volume=Part I|pages=83|via=academia.edu}} proposes it as a variant by equating the sayings collection to the Gospel of Thomas, suggesting that Matthew and Luke worked together to write different gospels, each targeted at their own audience.