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thyrotropin receptor

{{Short description|Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens}}

{{Distinguish|Thyrotropin-releasing hormone|Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor}}

{{Infobox_gene}}

The thyrotropin receptor (or TSH receptor) is a receptor (and associated protein) that responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as "thyrotropin") and stimulates the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The TSH receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins{{cite journal | vauthors = Farid NR, Szkudlinski MW | title = Minireview: structural and functional evolution of the thyrotropin receptor | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 145 | issue = 9 | pages = 4048–57 | date = Sep 2004 | pmid = 15231707 | doi = 10.1210/en.2004-0437 | doi-access = free }} and is coupled to the Gs protein.{{cite journal | vauthors = Calebiro D, Nikolaev VO, Lohse MJ | title = Imaging of persistent cAMP signaling by internalized G protein-coupled receptors | journal = Journal of Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 45 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–8 | date = Jul 2010 | pmid = 20378719 | doi = 10.1677/JME-10-0014 | doi-access = free }}

It is primarily found on the surface of the thyroid epithelial cells, but also found on adipose tissue and fibroblasts. The latter explains the reason of the myxedema finding during Graves disease. In addition, it has also been found to be expressed in the anterior pituitary gland, hypothalamus and kidneys. Its presence in the anterior pituitary gland may be involved in mediating the paracrine signaling feedback inhibition of thyrotropin along the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Williams GR | title = Extrathyroidal expression of TSH receptor | journal = Annales d'Endocrinologie | volume = 72 | issue = 2 | pages = 68–73 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21511243 | doi = 10.1016/j.ando.2011.03.006 | series = 54es Journees internationales d'Endocrinologie clinique }}

Function

Upon binding circulating TSH, a G-protein signal cascade activates adenylyl cyclase and intracellular levels of cAMP rise. cAMP activates all functional aspects of the thyroid cell, including iodine pumping; thyroglobulin synthesis, iodination, endocytosis, and proteolysis; thyroid peroxidase activity; and hormone release. TSHR is involved in regulating seasonal reproduction in vertebrates.{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakane Y, Yoshimura T | title = Photoperiodic Regulation of Reproduction in Vertebrates | journal = Annual Review of Animal Biosciences | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 173–194 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 30332291 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115216 | s2cid = 52984435 }}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

{{refbegin | 2}}

  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Führer D, Wonerow P, Willgerodt H, Paschke R | title = Identification of a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation (Leu629Phe) in a family with neonatal onset of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 82 | issue = 12 | pages = 4234–8 | date = Dec 1997 | doi = 10.1210/jcem.82.12.4405 | pmid = 9398746 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Farid NR, Kascur V, Balazs C | title = The human thyrotropin receptor is highly mutable: a review of gain-of-function mutations | journal = European Journal of Endocrinology| volume = 143 | issue = 1 | pages = 25–30 | date = Jul 2000 | pmid = 10870027 | doi = 10.1530/eje.0.1430025 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD | title = Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships | journal = Physiological Reviews | volume = 82 | issue = 2 | pages = 473–502 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11917095 | doi = 10.1152/physrev.00031.2001 | s2cid = 2919509 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M, Agretti P, De Marco G, Chiovato L, Pinchera A | title = Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis | journal = Journal of Endocrinological Investigation | volume = 26 | issue = 2 Suppl | pages = 2–6 | year = 2004 | pmid = 12762632 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Arturi F, Scarpelli D, Coco A, Sacco R, Bruno R, Filetti S, Russo D | title = Thyrotropin receptor mutations and thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas ten years after their first discovery: unresolved questions | journal = Thyroid | volume = 13 | issue = 4 | pages = 341–3 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12804102 | doi = 10.1089/105072503321669811 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Vaidya B, Campbell V, Tripp JH, Spyer G, Hattersley AT, Ellard S | title = Premature birth and low birth weight associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating thyrotropin receptor gene mutation | journal = Clinical Endocrinology | volume = 60 | issue = 6 | pages = 711–8 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15163335 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02040.x | s2cid = 43902851 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Takeshita A, Nagayama Y, Fujiyama K, Yokoyama N, Namba H, Yamashita S, Izumi M, Nagataki S | title = Molecular cloning and sequencing of an alternatively spliced form of the human thyrotropin receptor transcript | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 188 | issue = 3 | pages = 1214–9 | date = Nov 1992 | pmid = 1445355 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(92)91360-3 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Graves PN, Tomer Y, Davies TF | title = Cloning and sequencing of a 1.3 KB variant of human thyrotropin receptor mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 187 | issue = 2 | pages = 1135–43 | date = Sep 1992 | pmid = 1530609 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(92)91315-H }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Loosfelt H, Pichon C, Jolivet A, Misrahi M, Caillou B, Jamous M, Vannier B, Milgrom E | title = Two-subunit structure of the human thyrotropin receptor | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 89 | issue = 9 | pages = 3765–9 | date = May 1992 | pmid = 1570295 | pmc = 525571 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.89.9.3765 | bibcode = 1992PNAS...89.3765L | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagayama Y, Russo D, Wadsworth HL, Chazenbalk GD, Rapoport B | title = Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 266 | issue = 23 | pages = 14926–30 | date = Aug 1991 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98566-2 | pmid = 1651314 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Murakami M, Mori M | title = Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 171 | issue = 1 | pages = 512–8 | date = Aug 1990 | pmid = 1697467 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(90)91423-P }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Heldin NE, Gustavsson B, Westermark K, Westermark B | title = A somatic point mutation in a putative ligand binding domain of the TSH receptor in a patient with autoimmune hyperthyroidism | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 73 | issue = 6 | pages = 1374–6 | date = Dec 1991 | pmid = 1955520 | doi = 10.1210/jcem-73-6-1374 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A, Vassart G, Mattei MG | title = Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization | journal = Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics | volume = 54 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 82–3 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2249482 | doi = 10.1159/000132964 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ, Sprengel R, Segaloff DL, Cone RD | title = Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 4 | issue = 8 | pages = 1264–76 | date = Aug 1990 | pmid = 2293030 | doi = 10.1210/mend-4-8-1264 | doi-access = free | hdl = 21.11116/0000-0000-7844-D | hdl-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, Sar S, Guiochon-Mantel A, Milgrom E | title = Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 166 | issue = 1 | pages = 394–403 | date = Jan 1990 | pmid = 2302212 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(90)91958-U }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B | title = Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 165 | issue = 3 | pages = 1184–90 | date = Dec 1989 | pmid = 2558651 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(89)92727-7 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C, Parmentier M, Perret J, Ludgate M, Dumont JE, Vassart G | title = Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 165 | issue = 3 | pages = 1250–5 | date = Dec 1989 | pmid = 2610690 | doi = 10.1016/0006-291X(89)92736-8 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Cuddihy RM, Bryant WP, Bahn RS | title = Normal function in vivo of a homozygotic polymorphism in the human thyrotropin receptor | journal = Thyroid | volume = 5 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–7 | date = Aug 1995 | pmid = 7488864 | doi = 10.1089/thy.1995.5.255 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Sarkar G | title = A genomic point mutation in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 256–60 | date = Feb 1994 | doi = 10.1210/jcem.78.2.7508946 | pmid = 7508946 | url = http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-epub-16001-1 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Sunthornthepvarakui T, Gottschalk ME, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S | title = Brief report: resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 332 | issue = 3 | pages = 155–60 | date = Jan 1995 | pmid = 7528344 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM199501193320305 | doi-access = free }}

{{refend}}

External links

  • {{cite web | url = http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2988 | title = Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors: TSH | work = IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | access-date = 2007-10-25 | archive-date = 2013-11-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131101121058/http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2988 | url-status = dead }}
  • {{MeshName|Thyrotropin+Receptors}}
  • [http://www.ssfa-gphr.de SSFA-GPHR: Sequence Structure Function Analysis of Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20061016214005/http://gris.ulb.ac.be/ GRIS: Glycoprotein-hormone Receptor Information System]
  • {{PDBe-KB2|P16473|Thyrotropin receptor}}

{{G protein-coupled receptors}}

{{Neuropeptide receptors}}

Category:G protein-coupled receptors

Category:Thyroid