tin(IV) bromide
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 426876864
| ImageFile1 = SnBr4a1.svg
| ImageSize1 = 150px
| ImageFile2 = SnBr4-xtal-packing-3D-bs-17.png
| IUPACName = tetrabromostannate
| OtherNames = tin tetrabromide, stannic bromide, bromostannic acid
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 7789-67-5
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 23C21BW281
| PubChem = 24616
| SMILES = Br[Sn](Br)(Br)Br
| EINECS = 232-184-5
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23018
| InChI = 1/4BrH.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
| InChIKey = LTSUHJWLSNQKIP-XBHQNQODAB
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/4BrH.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = LTSUHJWLSNQKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-J
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = SnBr4
| MolarMass = 438.33 g/mol
| Appearance = colourless {{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}
| Density = 3.340 g/cm3 (at 35 °C)
| MeltingPtC = 31
| BoilingPtC = 205
| Solubility = soluble
| MagSus = −149.0·10−6 cm3/mol}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|H314|H335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|P260|P261|P264|P271|P280|P301+P330+P331|P302+P361+P354|P304+P340|P305+P354+P338|P316|P319|P321|P363|P403+P233|P405|P501}}
}}
| Section9 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Tin(IV) fluoride
Tin(IV) chloride
Tin(IV) iodide
| OtherCations = Carbon tetrabromide
Silicon tetrabromide
Germanium tetrabromide
| OtherFunction =
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherCompounds =
}}
}}
Tin(IV) bromide is the chemical compound SnBr4. It is a colourless low melting solid.
Structure
SnBr4 crystallises in a monoclinic crystal system with molecular SnBr4 units that have distorted tetrahedral geometry.{{cite journal | title = Die Kristallstruktur von SnBr4 | language = de | trans-title = The Crystal Structure of SnBr4 | url = https://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0365110X63001250 | first1 = P. | last1 = Brand | first2 = H. | last2 = Sackmann | journal = Acta Crystallographica | year = 1963 | volume = 16 | issue = 6 | pages = 446–451 | doi = 10.1107/S0365110X63001250 | bibcode = 1963AcCry..16..446B }} The mean Sn-Br bond length is 242.3 pm.{{ cite journal | title = Zinnhalogenverbindungen. II. Die Molekül- und Kristallstrukturen von Zinn(IV)-bromid und -iodid | first1 = H. | last1 = Reuter | first2 = R. | last2 = Pawlak | language = de | trans-title = Tin halogen compounds. II. The Molecular and Crystal Structures of Tin(IV) Bromide and Tin(IV) Iodide | url = https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1524/zkri.216.1.34.18992/html | journal = Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials | year = 2001 | volume = 216 | issue = 1–2001 | pages = 34–38 | doi = 10.1524/zkri.216.1.34.18992 | bibcode = 2001ZK....216...34R | s2cid = 94609783 }}
Preparation
SnBr4 can be prepared by reaction of the elements at standard temperature and pressure (STP):{{cite book |first1=Egon |last1=Wiberg |first2=Nils |last2=Wiberg |first3=Arnold Frederick |last3=Holleman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mtth5g59dEIC |date=2001 |title=Inorganic Chemistry |publisher=Academic Press, Elsevier |isbn=978-0-12-352651-9 |oclc=1024925228}}{{pn|date=April 2023}}
:{{chem|Sn}} + 2{{chem|Br|2}} → {{chem|Sn|Br|4}}
Reactions
In aqueous solution SnBr4 dissolves to give a series of octahedral (six-ligated) bromo-aquo complexes. These include {{chem2|SnBr4(H2O)2}} and cis- and trans-{{chem2|[SnBr2(H2O)4](2+)}}.{{cite journal |last1= Taylor |first1=M. J. |last2=Coddington |first2=J. M.| title = The constitution of aqueous tin(IV) chloride and bromide solutions and solvent extracts studied by 119Sn NMR and vibrational spectroscopy| journal = Polyhedron| volume = 11| issue = 12| pages = 1531–1544| date = 1992| doi = 10.1016/S0277-5387(00)83148-4|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277538700831484}}
SnBr4 forms 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with ligands. With trimethylphosphine both {{chem2|SnBr4*P(CH3)3 and SnBr4*2P(CH3)3}}.{{cite journal| last1= Frieson |first1=D. K. |last2=Ozin |first2=G. A.| title = Preparation, Infrared and Raman Spectra, and Stereochemistries of Pentacoordinate Trimethylphosphine Complexes, MX4•P(CH3)3 and MX4•P(CD3)3 where M = Ge or Sn and X = Cl or Br| journal = Canadian Journal of Chemistry| volume = 51| issue = 16| pages = 2697–2709| date = 1973| url = https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/v73-406| doi = 10.1139/v73-406 }}
Tin(IV) bromide undergoes redistribution with tin(IV) chloride as assessed by 119Sn NMR and Raman spectroscopy. Equilibrium is achieved in seconds at room temperature. By contrast, halide exchange for related germanium and especially silicon halides is slower.{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/cr60233a004 |title=Redistribution and Exchange Reactions in Groups IIB-VIIB |date=1965 |last1=Lockhart |first1=J. C. |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=65 |pages=131–151 }}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Tin compounds}}
{{bromides}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tin(Iv) Bromide}}