tin(IV) iodide
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 470610532
| ImageFileL1 = Tin(IV)-iodide-sample.jpg
| ImageNameL1 = Photograph of a sample of tin tetraiodide
| ImageFileR1 = Tin-tetraiodide-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
| ImageNameR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the unit cell of tin tetraiodide
| ImageFileL2 = Tin(IV)-iodide-2D-dimensions.png
| ImageNameL2 = Structure and dimensions of the tin(IV) iodide molecule
| ImageFileR2 = Tin(IV)-iodide-3D-balls.png
| ImageNameR2 = Ball-and-stick model of the tin(IV) iodide molecule
| Name = Tin(IV) iodide
| IUPACName = tin(IV) iodide
| OtherNames = {{ubl|Tin tetraiodide|Stannic iodide}}
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| PubChem = 11490544
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23033
| InChI = 1/4HI.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
| InChIKey = QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-XBHQNQODAO
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/4HI.Sn/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = QPBYLOWPSRZOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-J
| SMILES = [Sn](I)(I)(I)I
| CASNo = 7790-47-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 8H688BW69X
| EINECS = 232-208-4
| RTECS =
| UNNumber =
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem2|SnI4}}
| Sn=1|I=4
| Appearance = red-orange crystalline solid
| Density = 4.56 g/cm3
| MeltingPtC = 143
| BoilingPtC = 348.5
| RefractIndex = 2.106
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| SpaceGroup = Pa-3 No. 205 }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|H302|H312|H314|H317|H332|H334}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|P233|P260|P261|P264|P270|P271|P272|P280|P284|P301+P317|P301+P330+P331|P302+P352|P302+P361+P354|P304+P340|P305+P354+P338|P316|P317|P321|P330|P333+P317|P342+P316|P362+P364|P363|P403|P405|P501}}
}}
| Section9 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = {{ubl|Tin(IV) fluoride|Tin(IV) chloride|Tin(IV) bromide}}
| OtherCations = {{ubl|Carbon tetraiodide|Silicon tetraiodide|Germanium tetraiodide|Titanium tetraiodide}}
| OtherFunction =
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| OtherCompounds =
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Tin(IV) iodide, also known as stannic iodide, is the chemical compound with the formula {{chem2|SnI4|auto=67}}. This tetrahedral molecule crystallizes as a bright orange solid that dissolves readily in nonpolar solvents such as benzene.[http://www.webelements.com/webelements/compounds/text/Sn/I4Sn1-7790478.html Chemistry : Periodic Table : tin : compound data [tin (IV) iodide]]
Preparation
The compound is usually prepared by the reaction of tin and iodine:{{cite book |last1= Moeller|first1=T.|last2=Edwards|first2=D. C.|title= Tin(IV) Iodide (Stannic Iodide) |series= Inorganic Syntheses |year= 1953 |volume= 4 |pages= 119–121 |doi= 10.1002/9780470132357.ch40}}
:{{chem2|Sn + 2 I2 -> SnI4}}
Chemical properties
The compound hydrolyses in water. In hydroiodic acid, it reacts to form a rare example of a hexaiodometallate (here hexaiodostannate(IV)):
: SnI4 + 2 I− → [SnI6]2−
Physical properties
Tin(IV) iodide is an orange solid under standard conditions.{{Cite journal |last=Hickling |first=George G. |date=Aug 1990 |title=Gravimetric analysis: The synthesis of tin iodide |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed067p702 |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |language=en |volume=67 |issue=8 |pages=702 |doi=10.1021/ed067p702 |bibcode=1990JChEd..67..702H |issn=0021-9584}} It has a cubic crystal structure with the space group Pa{{overline|3}} (space group no. 205), the lattice parameter a = 1226 pm and eight formula units per unit cell.{{Cite journal |last1=Meller |first1=F. |last2=Fankuchen |first2=I. |date=1955-06-10 |title=The crystal structure of tin tetraiodide |url=https://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0365110X55001035 |journal=Acta Crystallographica |language=en |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=343–344 |doi=10.1107/S0365110X55001035 |issn=0365-110X|doi-access=free |bibcode=1955AcCry...8..343M}} This corresponds approximately to a cubic close packing of iodine atoms in which 1/8 of all tetrahedral gaps are occupied by tin atoms. This leads to discrete tetrahedral SnI4 molecules.{{Cite book |last1=Wiberg |first1=Egon |title=Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie |last2=Wiberg |first2=Nils |date=2007 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-017770-1 |editor-last=Holleman |editor-first=Arnold F. |edition=102., stark umgearbeitete und verbesserte Auflage |location=Berlin New York |editor-last2=Fischer |editor-first2=Gerd}}