tin(IV) sulfide
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 428786259
| Name = Tin(IV) sulfide
| ImageFile =
| ImageSize = 160px
| ImageName = Ball-and-stick model of tin(IV) sulfide
| IUPACName = Tin(IV) sulfide
| OtherNames = Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 1315-01-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 73977
| PubChem1 = 15238661
| PubChem1_Comment = (S=Sn=S)
| ChEBI = 50886
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| UNII = YVY89V9BUH
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2S.Sn/q2*-2;+4
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|inchi}}
| StdInChIKey = TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|inchi}}
| SMILES = [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4]
| SMILES1 = S=[Sn]=S
| SMILES1_Comment = (S=Sn=S)
| EC_number = 215-252-9
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Sn=1 | S=2
| Appearance = Gold-yellow powder
| Odor = Odorless
| MeltingPtC = 600
| MeltingPt_notes =
decomposes{{CRC90}}
| Solubility = Insoluble
| SolubleOther = Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia
Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone{{cite book|page = 1080|title = A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic|url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.163725|edition = 2nd|first1 = Arthur Messinger|last1 = Comey|first2 = Dorothy A.|last2 = Hahn|place = New York|publisher = The MacMillan Company|date = February 1921}}
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination = Octahedral (Sn4+)
| CrystalStruct = Rhombohedral, hP3{{Cite FTP |url = ftp://ftp.asm-intl.org/pub/MARC_Records/V09/asmhba0003722.pdf|doi = 10.1361/asmhba0003722|title = Crystal Structure*|editor-first = G.F. Vander|editor-last = Voort|pages = 29–43|volume = 9|issue = Metallography and Microstructures|year = 2004|server = ASM Handbook|url-status = dead|doi-broken-date = 1 November 2024}}
| SpaceGroup = P{{overline|3}}m1, No. 164
| PointGroup = {{overline|3}} 2/m
| LattConst_a = 3.65 Å
| LattConst_gamma = 120
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|312|315|319|332|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|280|301+312|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|332+313}}
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-F = 0
}}
}}
Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula {{chem|SnS2}}. A brown, water-insoluble solid, it is a semiconductor with band gap 2.2 eV.{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C5TA08214E |title=Electronic and Optical Properties of Single Crystal SnS2: An Earth-Abundant Disulfide Photocatalyst |date=2016 |last1=Burton |first1=Lee A. |last2=Whittles |first2=Thomas J. |last3=Hesp |first3=David |last4=Linhart |first4=Wojciech M. |last5=Skelton |first5=Jonathan M. |last6=Hou |first6=Bo |last7=Webster |first7=Richard F. |last8=O'Dowd |first8=Graeme |last9=Reece |first9=Christian |last10=Cherns |first10=David |last11=Fermin |first11=David J. |last12=Veal |first12=Tim D. |last13=Dhanak |first13=Vin R. |last14=Walsh |first14=Aron |journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry A |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=1312–1318 |hdl=1983/fb4a478e-aa5e-4f09-abe3-dce1343f709d |hdl-access=free }} It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. {{ISBN|0-521-21489-0}}.
Synthesis and structure
The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of {{chem|H|2|S}} to solutions containing tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. It can also be prepared by heating finely ground Sn with excess sulfur.{{cite book|author=P. Baudler|chapter=Tin (IVj Sulfide|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=2|page=741}}
The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}.
The material reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula {{chem|[SnS|2|]|m|[S]|n|2n−}}.{{cite book|author=P. Baudler|chapter=Sodium Metathiostannate|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=2|page=742}} A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is:
:{{chem|SnS|2}} + {{chem|S|2-}} → {{sfrac|1|x}}{{chem|[SnS|3|2-|]|x}}
Potential uses
Crystalline {{chem|SnS|2}} has a bronze color and is used in decorative coatingHolleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}. where it is known as mosaic gold.
Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It serves as an anode in prototypes of lithium-ion batteries.{{Cite journal |last1=Cupid |first1=D. M. |last2=Rezqita |first2=A. |last3=Glibo |first3=A. |last4=Artner |first4=M. |last5=Bauer |first5=V. |last6=Hamid |first6=R. |last7=Jahn |first7=M. |last8=Flandorfer |first8=H. |date=2021 |title=Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin(IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries |journal=Electrochim. Acta |volume=375|doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137936 |doi-access=free }} Intercalation with organometallic reagents is reversible.{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/CS9922100121 |title=Structure, dynamics, and electronic properties of cobaltocene in SnS2–xSex{0⩽x⩽2} |date=1992 |last1=O'Hare |first1=D. |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=121–126 }}
It has also been evaluated as a component of supercapacitors, which could be used for energy storage.{{Cite journal |last1=Setayeshmehr |first1=M. |last2=Haghighi |first2=M. |last3=Mirabbaszadeh |first3=K. |date=2021 |title=A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors |journal=Energy Storage |volume=4}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Tin(IV) sulfide}}
- [https://www.samaterials.com/tin/1864-tin-iv-sulfide-sns2-powder-chunk-lumps.html Tin (IV) Sulfide Powder, Stanford Advanced Materials]
- [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tin-sulfide-_SnS2 Tin Sulfide (SnS2), PubChem]
{{Tin compounds}}
{{Sulfides}}