tit-like dacnis

{{Short description|Species of bird}}

{{speciesbox

| name = Tit-like dacnis

| image = Xenodacnis parina Male - March 2021.jpg

| image_caption = Male

| image2 = Xenodacnis parina Female - June 2021.jpg

| image2_caption = Female

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=Xenodacnis parina |volume=2017 |page=e.T103839796A119559816 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T103839796A119559816.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}

| genus = Xenodacnis

| species = parina

| authority = Cabanis, 1873

| range_map = Xenodacnis parina map.svg

}}

The tit-like dacnis (Xenodacnis parina) is a small neotropical passerine bird found in southern Ecuador and Peru. In Spanish, it is known as Azulito Altoandino. It is found in Andean montane scrub forests from 3000 m to 4600 m elevation.

Adults reach 12.5 cm in length. Males are solid deep blue with dark eyes, bill, and feet. Females of all subspecies are duller, with rufous-brown underparts.

Taxonomy

The tit-like dacnis was formally described in 1873 by the German ornithologist Jean Cabanis from a specimen collected in the Andes of central Peru. Cabanis introduced the genus Xenodacnis and coined the binomial name Xenodacnis parina.{{ cite journal | last=Cabanis | first=Jean | author-link=Jean Cabanis | year=1873 | title=Xenodacnis parina n. sp. | language=German | journal=Journal für Ornithologie | volume=21 | page=312, [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32697031 Plate 4 figs. 1, 2]| url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32696860}}{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=397 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483632 }} The genus name combines the Ancient Greek xenos meaning "different" or "unusual" with the genus name Dacnis. The specific epithet parina is from Modern Latin and means "tit like".{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | pages=292, 410 }} The tit-like dacnis is sister to a clade containing the four species now placed in the genus Idiopsar.{{cite journal| last1=Burns | first1=K.J. | last2=Shultz | first2=A.J. | last3=Title | first3=P.O. | last4=Mason | first4=N.A. | last5=Barker | first5=F.K. | last6=Klicka | first6=J. | last7=Lanyon | first7=S.M. | last8=Lovette | first8=I.J. | year=2014 | title=Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume=75| pages=41–77 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006 | pmid=24583021 | url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3613&context=biosci_pubs | url-access=subscription }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=5 November 2020 }}

References

{{reflist}}

Clements, James F., and Noam Shany. A Field Guide to the Birds of Peru. Ibis Publishing, 2001.