translational efficiency

In cell biology, translational efficiency or translation efficiency is the rate of mRNA translation into proteins within cells.

It has been measured in protein per mRNA per hour.{{cite journal|last=Schwanhäusser|first=Björn|author2=Busse, Dorothea |author3=Li, Na |author4=Dittmar, Gunnar |author5=Schuchhardt, Johannes |author6=Wolf, Jana |author7=Chen, Wei |author8= Selbach, Matthias |title=Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control|journal=Nature|volume=473|issue=7347|pages=337–342|doi=10.1038/nature10098|pmid=21593866 |date=May 2011|bibcode=2011Natur.473..337S |s2cid=205224972 |url=http://edoc.mdc-berlin.de/11664/1/11664oa.pdf}} Several RNA elements within mRNAs have been shown to affect the rate. These include miRNA and protein binding sites. RNA structure may also affect translational efficiency through the altered protein or microRNA binding.{{cite journal|last1=Lu|first1=YF|last2=Mauger|first2=DM|last3=Goldstein|first3=DB|last4=Urban|first4=TJ|last5=Weeks|first5=KM|last6=Bradrick|first6=SS|title=IFNL3 mRNA structure is remodeled by a functional non-coding polymorphism associated with hepatitis C virus clearance.|journal=Scientific Reports|date=4 November 2015|volume=5|pages=16037|pmid=26531896|doi=10.1038/srep16037|pmc=4631997|bibcode=2015NatSR...516037L }}