tritan copolyester

{{short description|Brand of copolymer}}

{{Expand French|Tritan|date=December 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023|cs1-dates=y}}

{{Distinguish|Triphenylmethane}}

File:Hydration Bottles (6959996605).jpg

Tritan, a copolymer offered by the Eastman Chemical Company since 2007, is a transparent plastic intended to replace polycarbonate, because of health concerns about Bisphenol A (BPA).{{cite journal |title=Toxicology: The plastics puzzle |date=2014 |doi=10.1038/508306a|last1=Glausiusz |first1=Josie |journal=Nature |volume=508 |issue=7496 |pages=306–308 |pmid=24740050 |bibcode=2014Natur.508..306G |s2cid=4454912 |doi-access=free}}{{Cite web |title=Bisphenol A: Kunststoff mit Nebenwirkungen |url=https://www.spektrum.de/news/wie-gefaehrlich-sind-bisphenol-a-und-seine-ersatzstoffe/1285126 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=www.spektrum.de |language=de}} Tritan is a copolymer made from three monomers: dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), and 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO).{{cite journal |title=Lack of androgenicity and estrogenicity of the three monomers used in Eastman's Tritan copolyesters |date=2012 |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.010 |pmid=22343188 |last1=Osimitz |first1=T. G. |last2=Eldridge |first2=M. L. |last3=Sloter |first3=E. |last4=Welsh |first4=W. |last5=Ai |first5=N. |last6=Sayler |first6=G. S. |last7=Menn |first7=F. |last8=Toole |first8=C. |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=2196–2305 }} Tritan or Poly Cyclohexylenedimethylene Terephthalate Glyco (PCTG) is made without using any bisphenols or phthalates.

Eastman Tritan cannot be used for hot beverages (like hot water, coffee or tea) and is recommended only for usage temperatures below 60 °C, as it starts to deteriorate at temperatures above 80 °C.{{cite web |title=Tritan, Edelstahl oder Glas? Die Vor- und Nachteile der verschiedenen Trinkflaschen-Materialien |language=de |date=2021-03-06 |website=boddels.de |url=https://www.boddels.de/blog/ratgeber/trinkflaschen-materialien-vergleich |access-date=2024-05-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119184409/https://www.boddels.de/blog/lifestyle/wissenswertes-ueber-tritan-1 |archive-date=2024-01-19}}{{cite web |title=Is Tritan Plastic Better Than Traditional Plastic? |website=www.greenhive.io |url=https://www.greenhive.io/blog/tritan-plastic |access-date=2024-05-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501195737/https://www.greenhive.io/blog/tritan-plastic |archive-date=2024-05-01}}

In April 2008, Nalgene announced it would phase out production of its outdoor line of polycarbonate containers containing the chemical bisphenol A.{{cite news |title=Nalgene to Phase Out Production of Consumer Bottles Containing BPA |publisher=Reuters |date=2008-04-18 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2008/04/18/idUS122181+18-Apr-2008+BW20080418 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140430100623/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/04/18/idUS122181+18-Apr-2008+BW20080418 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-04-30 |format=PDF |access-date= 2013-02-07}} Nalgene now uses Tritan as a replacement for polycarbonate, as it does not contain BPA.{{cite web |title=Nalgene Choice |url=http://www.nalgenechoice.com/everyday.html |access-date= 2008-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302033118/http://www.nalgenechoice.com/everyday.html |archive-date=2016-03-02 |quote=Requires Adobe Flash}}

Health controversy

In 2011, a neurobiologist at the University of Texas at Austin, George Bittner, published an article claiming that most polymers, including Tritan, contained other materials with estrogenic activity.{{cite journal |doi=10.1289/ehp.1003220 |title=Most Plastic Products Release Estrogenic Chemicals: A Potential Health Problem That Can be Solved |date=2011 |last1=Yang |first1=Chun Z. |last2=Yaniger |first2=Stuart I. |last3=Jordan |first3=V. Craig |last4=Klein |first4=Daniel J. |last5=Bittner |first5=George D. |journal=Environmental Health Perspectives |volume=119 |issue=7 |pages=989–996 |pmid=21367689 |pmc=3222987|bibcode=2011EnvHP.119..989Y }} Bitner published the article eleven years after he founded the company PlastiPure to develop safer plastics.{{cite web |title=Company Overview |publisher=PlastiPure |url=https://www.herbalix.com/assets/plastipure-overview.pdf |accessdate=February 27, 2025}}

After these claims were repeated by Bittner's company PlastiPure, Tritan's inventor, the Eastman Chemical Company sued PlastiPure. A jury ruled in Eastman's favor, and the Court barred PlastiPure from making claims about Tritan's estrogenic activity. In expert testimony, Wade Welshon of the University of Missouri-Columbia, agreed that the Tritan copolymer is likely not estrogenic, but that the estrogenic activity he found in five separate tests of Tritan products could be attributable to other chemicals added during manufacturing.

During the trial it emerged that Thomas Osimitz, an author of another journal article,{{Cite journal |last1=Osimitz |first1=Thomas G. |last2=Eldridge |first2=Melanie L. |last3=Sloter |first3=Eddie |last4=Welsh |first4=William |last5=Ai |first5=Ni |last6=Sayler |first6=Gary S. |last7=Menn |first7=FuMin |last8=Toole |first8=Colleen |date=2012-06-01 |title=Lack of androgenicity and estrogenicity of the three monomers used in Eastman's Tritan™ copolyesters |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691512000865 |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=2196–2205 |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2012.02.010 |pmid=22343188 |issn=0278-6915|url-access=subscription }} the one that had initially cleared Tritan of estrogenic activity, was paid $10,000 by the company for the paper, and that this was not disclosed in the Conflict of Interests section.{{Cite news |last=Begley |first=Sharon |date=19 July 2013 |title=Science for hire - Trial over plastic exposes disclosure deficit |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/science-for-hire-trial-over-plastic-exposes-disclosure-deficit-idUSBRE96H051/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241026025857/https://www.reuters.com/article/world/science-for-hire-trial-over-plastic-exposes-disclosure-deficit-idUSBRE96H051/ |archive-date=26 October 2024 |access-date=26 October 2024 |work=Reuters}} When Osimitz was questioned by Reuters he stated that the disclosure forms were "very confusing." Bittner maintains that his assays are more sensitive than the ones performed by Osimitz et al.

Similar products

{{anchor|Kwarx|Teqton|Ecozen}}Other manufacturers have developed similar products including the French Arc Holdings's Kwarx since 2006,{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Felicity |date=2006-05-23 |title='Unbreakable' glass launched |url=https://www.decanter.com/wine-news/unbreakable-glass-launched-94241/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Decanter |language=en}} the German {{ill|Glaskoch|de}} (Leonardo) Teqton since 2009{{Cite web |title=twenty4 - erste Glasserie von LEONARDO aus dem Glasmaterial TEQTON® - Pressemeldung vom 17.08.2009 |url=https://www.perspektive-mittelstand.de/twenty4-erste-Glasserie-von-LEONARDO-aus-dem-Glasmaterial-TEQTON-/pressemitteilung/21133.html |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=www.perspektive-mittelstand.de}} and the South-Korean SK Chemicals' Ecozen, a glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) since 2010/2011.https://www.ferroplast.com/pdf/Ecozen_Brochure.pdf Other manufacturers propose polypropylene (PP){{Cite web |title=Polypropylen statt Tritan |url=https://www.isybe.de/die-perfekte-trinkflasche/polypropylen-statt-tritan/ |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=ISYbe die nachhaltige Trinkflasche |language=de-DE}} or methylstyrene (MS) as alternatives to Tritan.

Name confusion{{anchor|Zwiesel}}

Tritan[https://register.dpma.de/DPMAregister/marke/register/302479139/DE register.dpma.de] Brand Tritan can also refer to a type of so called unbreakable glass originally developed by the German Zwiesel Kristallglas in 2002 together with University of Erlangen–Nuremberg.{{cite news |title=Wohnen mit Glas |language=de-CH |trans-title= |newspaper=Handelszeitung |url=https://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/wohnen-mit-glas |access-date=2024-01-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229095424/https://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/wohnen-mit-glas |archive-date=2023-12-29}}Handelsblatt Unternehmensportrait "Schott Zwiesel – Das Kristallglas", 2012-12-18. https://www.handelsblatt.com/marken-des-jahrhunderts/unternehmensportraet-schott-zwiesel-das-kristallglas/7536832.html Its name is derived from titanoxide (titanium oxide in English). In 2012, the Zwiesel Kristallglas company introduced Tritan Protect.{{cite web |title=TRITAN Kristallglas - Zwiesel Kristallglas AG |language=de |trans-title= |date=2020-09-29 |url=https://unternehmen.zwiesel-kristallglas.com/de/cms/innovations/success/tritan.html |access-date=2024-01-10 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929133002/https://unternehmen.zwiesel-kristallglas.com/de/cms/innovations/success/tritan.html |archive-date=2020-09-29}}Zwiesel Kristallglas AG (ed): Zwiesel Kristallglas AG. Perfektion und Leidenschaft. Print-Consult, München 2005. pp. 31, 49.

Confusingly, although both are unrelated, Zwiesel Tritan glass and Eastman Tritan copolyester are both advertised as "shatter protected" and are used in the production of drinking glasses as replacements for traditional glasses, despite their different material properties.

See also

References

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Category:Commodity chemicals

Category:Plastics

Category:Thermoplastics

Category:Transparent materials