turnaround (road)#Non-junctions

The following road junction types are designed specifically to allow U-turns.

• The Texas U-turn allows traffic traveling on one direction of a one-way frontage road, running parallel to a highway, to cross the highway (via a grade separation) and turn onto the other frontage road, traveling in the opposite direction. The term refers to roadworks which are specially built for this purpose; it does not refer to use of an intersecting roadway to navigate between frontage roads.{{cite web |first= Brian |last= Purcell |url= http://www.texashighwayman.com/tex.htm |title= Texas Highways Primer |date= November 29, 2012 |work= The Texas Highway Man Pages |publisher= Self-published |access-date= June 3, 2013}}{{verify credibility|date= June 2013}}
• The median U-turn crossover (often called a "Michigan left" in the United States) allows traffic traveling in one direction on a divided highway (typically one with traffic lights and at-grade intersections) to perform a U-turn through the median.
• A junction resembling a "backward jughandle" is sometimes found, allowing U-turns. According to the U.S. Federal Highway Administration, this is actually just a variant of a standard median U-turn crossover, built to accommodate roads with medians too narrow to otherwise permit a U-turn to be made safely.{{cite web |author= Staff |publisher= Federal Highway Administration |url= http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04091/10.htm#1022 |title= Alternative Intersection Treatments |work= Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide |date= August 2004 |access-date= August 11, 2012 }} Traffic wishing to turn around executes a turn across oncoming traffic (left in countries where traffic drives on the right; right in countries where traffic drives on the left) onto the at-grade ramp (sometimes called a "bulb out" or a "loon"), {{cite web |url = http://www.udot.utah.gov/thruturn/index.php |author = Staff |title = Overview |work = Thru Turn Intersection |publisher = Utah Department of Transportation |access-date = September 24, 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120623172608/http://www.udot.utah.gov/thruturn/index.php |archive-date = June 23, 2012 }} {{cite web |author = Staff |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |url= https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09059/index.cfm |title = Restricted Crossing U-Turn Intersection |id= FHWA-HRT-09-059 |work = Alternative Intersections/Interchanges: Information Report |date = October 2009 |access-date= August 31, 2012 }} but rather than merging onto a crossing road, the "bulb out" turns back and merges onto the road the traffic just left, in the opposite direction.
• Examples of this can be found on a divided section of U.S. Route 101 in Lincoln Beach, Oregon. {{cite web |author = Staff |publisher = Federal Highway Administration |url = https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/publications/flexibility/flexibility.pdf |title = U.S. Route 101 - Lincoln Beach Parkway: Lincoln County, OR |work = Flexibility in Highway Design |access-date = August 11, 2012 }} {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=44.862603~-124.037378&lvl=18&dir=0&sty=a&form=LMLTCC |title = US 101, Lincoln Beach, Oregon (north) |access-date = August 11, 2012 }} {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/?ll=44.856428,-124.039933&spn=0.001015,0.003259&t=k&z=19 |title = US 101, Lincoln Beach, Oregon |access-date = August 11, 2012 }} {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=44.843163~-124.047988&lvl=19&dir=0&sty=a&ss=yp.lincoln%20beach%2C%20or~pg.1~rad.0,0884045253485062&form=LMLTCC |title = US 101, Lincoln Beach, Oregon (south) |access-date = August 11, 2012 |link= no }}
• A grade-separated ramp can be used to allow traffic to turn around.
• An example on a controlled-access highway is the Sabine River Turnaround, exit 1 on westbound Interstate 10 in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, United States, just before the Sabine River and the Texas border. {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=30.130453,-93.693509&spn=0.002478,0.006518&t=k&z=18 |title = Interstate 10, exit 1, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no }} {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=30.130389~-93.694658&lvl=18&dir=0&sty=a&where1=Calcasieu&form=LMLTCC |title = Interstate 10, exit 1, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no }} U-turn traffic exits normally onto the U-turn ramp, which forms an underpass below the highway; traffic then rejoins the highway at an eastbound entrance ramp.
• Examples on a controlled-access highway with frontage roads are on the Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway, just north and south of Mariano Otero Avenue in Zapopan, Mexico, just outside Guadalajara. {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=mf55w76cd58z&lvl=19&dir=0&sty=o&form=LMLTCC |title = Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway, just north of Mariano Otero Avenue, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no}} {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=20.634592,-103.436596&spn=0.002681,0.006518&t=k&z=18 |title = Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway, just north of Mariano Otero Avenue, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no}} {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=mf46ry6cdcgn&lvl=19&dir=0&sty=o&form=LMLTCC |title = Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway, just south of Mariano Otero Avenue, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no}} {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=20.628296,-103.433828&spn=0.002681,0.006518&t=k&z=18 |title = Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway, just south of Mariano Otero Avenue, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no}} Here, traffic travels to a frontage road, whose inner (left) lane leads to a U-turn ramp which descends and forms an underpass below the beltway; traffic then ascends and joins the inner (left) lane of the opposing frontage road.
• Other examples on a controlled-access highway are on the Damansara–Puchong (E11) Expressway (also known by its Malaysian acronym, LDP), between exit 1114 (the Puchong Jaya Interchange) and exit 1118 (the Puchong Intan Interchange), in Puchong, Malaysia, near Kuala Lumpur. {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/?ll=3.03678,101.617704&spn=0.001387,0.003259&t=f&z=19&ecpose=3.03689185,101.61655025,636.66,101.749,6.772,0 |title = Puchong, Malaysia (rotated & labeled Google Earth view) |access-date = August 20, 2012 |link= no}} Traffic drives on the left, and the outer (left) lanes serve as hybrid entrance or exit lanes and frontage roads. In each direction, outer-lane traffic can travel to a U-turn ramp which forms an overpass above the LDP. The U-turn ramps come close to each other, but remain separate; no roadway surface is shared by opposing traffic.
• An example on an undivided highway is on the Sanibel Causeway, connecting Sanibel Island with the mainland in South Fort Myers, Florida, United States. {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=26.481372~-82.020698&lvl=18&dir=0&sty=a&form=LMLTCC |title = Sanibel Causeway, Florida |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no }} {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=26.481219,-82.019752&spn=0.002564,0.006518&t=k&z=18 |title = Sanibel Causeway, Florida |access-date = August 18, 2012 |link= no }} Traffic traveling toward the mainland can exit onto a U-turn underpass, then return on the causeway to Sanibel Island.
• In some countries, a cul-de-sac allows a smooth turnaround at the end of a dead end street.

The following junction types typically permit U-turns but are not designed specifically for that purpose.

• Normal at-grade intersections on divided highways often allow traffic traveling on the divided highway to perform a U-turn, often when there is a green light for traffic turning onto the side road, crossing the opposing lanes (left turns in countries where traffic drives on the right; right turns in countries where traffic drives on the left).
• Traffic at at-grade intersections with jughandles can usually use the jughandle ramps and side roads to turn back onto the original road in the opposite direction.
• Traffic circles and roundabouts make turning around rather easy, and usually, with the right of way.
• Many freeway interchanges with surface streets are configured so that traffic on the freeway can exit onto the surface street, and re-enter the freeway in the opposite direction.
• The cloverleaf interchange permits turning around by navigating two consecutive "leaves" of the clover pattern.

• On 8 de Julio Avenue, just north of the Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway in Tlaquepaque, Mexico, just outside Guadalajara, there is a U-turn junction formed from two other types of junctions. {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=20.591913~-103.381434&lvl=19&dir=0&sty=a&form=LMLTCC |title = Tlaquepaque, Mexico |access-date = August 20, 2012 |link= no}} {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/?ll=20.591835,-103.380969&spn=0.001301,0.003259&t=k&ecpose=3.03689185,101.61655025,636.66,101.749,6.772,0&z=19 |title = Tlaquepaque, Mexico |access-date = August 20, 2012 |link= no}} First, traffic wanting to turn around travels onto what the New Jersey Department of Transportation in the United States defines as a "Type B" jughandle (one used where there is no cross street, allowing a U-turn or a turn onto a side street). {{cite web |url = http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/eng/documents/RDM/sec6.shtm |publisher = New Jersey Department of Transportation |title = Roadway Design Manual |at = Section 6 |date = December 7, 2011 |access-date = August 20, 2012 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120816233716/http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/eng/documents/RDM/sec6.shtm |archive-date = August 16, 2012 }} Then, U-turning traffic crosses the road and travels along a narrow median variant of a median U-turn crossover, completing the turn. The entire junction resembles a grade-separated turnaround ramp as described above, except this one is at-grade.

File:U-turn bridge Thane-Belapur road.jpg in Greater Mumbai]]

• Some so-called right-in/right-out expressways, left-in/left-out expressways and Jersey freeways have overpass or underpass roads which connect to side roads accessed by right-in/right-out or left-in/left-out turns from the highway. While not strictly junctions, these road configurations serve a turnaround function analogous to freeway interchanges with surface streets, as described above. They can also be used by traffic entering the highway farther back which lacks a turnaround of its own.
• An example of this is on King's Highway 11, at South Sparrow Lake Road/Goldstein Road in Severn, Ontario, Canada. {{google maps |url = https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=44.724616,-79.370363&spn=0.008141,0.026071&t=k&z=16 |title = Ontario Highway 11 at S. Sparrow Lake Road/Goldstein Road, Severn, Ontario, Canada |access-date = August 31, 2012 |link= no}} {{bing maps |url = http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=44.724446~-79.374457&lvl=16&dir=0&sty=a&form=LMLTCC |title = Ontario Highway 11 at S. Sparrow Lake Road/Goldstein Road, Severn, Ontario, Canada |access-date = August 31, 2012 |link= no}}

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