two-way player

A two-way player in basketball excels at both the offensive side of the game and the defensive side of the game.{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/article/2017/08/16/top-two-way-players-nba-kawhi-leonard-john-wall-chris-paul|title=Taking stock of best of best two-way players in NBA today|first=John|last= Schuhmann|date=Aug 16, 2017|access-date=January 16, 2019|work=NBA.com}}{{cite web|url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/farewell-to-tim-duncan-the-greatest-two-way-player-in-modern-nba-history/|title=Farewell To Tim Duncan, The Greatest Two-Way Player In Modern NBA History|first=Neil|last= Paine|date = July 11, 2016|access-date=February 24, 2020|work=FiveThirtyEight}}

Some of the best two-way players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) have been awarded the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. Michael Jordan, Hakeem Olajuwon, David Robinson, Kevin Garnett, and Giannis Antetokounmpo are the only Defensive Player of the Year winners to have also won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) during their careers. Jordan, Olajuwon, and Antetokounmpo won both awards in the same season.{{cite web |last1=Krishnamurthy |first1=Aaditya |title=Michael Jordan Is The Only Player In NBA History To Win Defensive Player Of The Year While Averaging 35+ Points Per Game |url=https://www.yardbarker.com/nba/articles/michael_jordan_is_the_only_player_in_nba_history_to_win_defensive_player_of_the_year_while_averaging_35_points_per_game/s1_16751_36594878 |website=Yardbarker |access-date=12 March 2022 |language=en |date=1 December 2021}}

In the Women's National Basketball Association, Yolanda Griffith, Sheryl Swoopes, Lisa Leslie, Lauren Jackson, Candace Parker, Tamika Catchings, Sylvia Fowles, and A'ja Wilson have won both the WNBA Most Valuable Player Award and the WNBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. Griffith, Swoopes, Leslie, Jackson, and Wilson won both awards in the same year, with Swoopes doing so twice.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-07 |title=Most Valuable Player |url=https://www.wnba.com/news/las-vegas-aces-aja-wilson-wins-2022-kia-wnba-most-valuable-player-award# |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=WNBA.com}}

In the National Hockey League (NHL), the term two-way forward is used for a forward who handles the defensive aspects of the game as well as the offensive aspects of the game.{{cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nhl/2019/10/02/two-way-forward-oreilly-barkov-sissons|title=Double Duty: The Value of a Two-Way Forward in Today's NHL|first=Alex|last= Prewitt|date= Oct 2, 2019}} The best two-way forward is presented with the Frank J. Selke Trophy. The term two-way defenseman is used to describe a defenseman who also makes contributions on offense.{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2659582-ranking-the-10-best-two-way-defensemen-in-the-nhl-for-2016-17-season|title=Ranking the 10 Best 2-Way Defensemen in the NHL for 2016-17 Season|work=Bleacher Report|date=August 27, 2016|first=Steve|last=Macfarlane|access-date=July 10, 2018}} Occasionally, a player will be designated as both a defenseman and forward in his career; some recent examples are Nicolas Deslauriers, who was listed as a defenseman in his time in the QMJHL and in his first two professional seasons but as of 2022 is listed as a forward; and Dustin Byfuglien, who began his junior career as a defenseman before being moved up to right wing by the Chicago Blackhawks, then was moved back to defense when he was traded to the Atlanta Thrashers. Brent Burns began at right wing, was switched to defenseman, back to right wing for a year and then back to defenseman.

Only two players have won both the Hart Trophy (the NHL's MVP award) and the Norris Trophy (the defensive player of the year award): Bobby Orr three times and Chris Pronger once, each time in the same season.{{Cite web |date=2000-06-16 |title=Pronger Named MVP and Top Defenseman |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jun-16-sp-41698-story.html |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Los Angeles Times}}

{{For|the definition of the term|Glossary of baseball (T)#two-way player}}

{{Distinguish|text = playing multiple defensive positions other than pitcher—see utility player (baseball)}}

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In Major League Baseball (MLB), there are few true two-way players, as most pitchers are poor batters, and position players generally do not also pitch. In the American League especially, the two-way player had mostly ceased to exist, as the designated hitter (DH) rule has allowed a team to have a designated batter bat in place of the pitcher since 1973. This rule was what largely made it possible for two-way player Shohei Ohtani to pitch and bat on separate days. Until 2022, pitchers in the National League still had to bat for themselves, but they were usually poor batters. In 2017, the average batting average for pitchers was .124, significantly worse than the league average of .255.{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/team_compare.cgi?request=1&year=2017&lg=MLB&stat=BA|title=2017 MLB Team Position Performance by BA}}

Until Shohei Ohtani in 2021, Babe Ruth (in 1918 and 1919) was the last player to pitch 100 innings and have 200 plate appearances as a batter in the same season.{{cite web|url=https://www.theringer.com/mlb/2018/3/27/17166588/babe-ruth-shohei-ohtani-two-way-lessons-100-years-later|title=Lessons From a Legend, 100 Years Later|date=March 27, 2018|first=Zach|last=Kram|work=The Ringer}} (Bullet Rogan achieved the same feat yearly from 1921 to 1927 seasons in the Negro leagues, which were not considered major leagues at the time.) Two-way players are still common in college baseball, with the John Olerud Award being given to the best two-way player of the season. However, by the major league level, a player is usually better at either pitching or batting, and rarely is given the chance to do both.{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/two-way-players-talk-shohei-ohtanis-future/c-263024918|title= Ex-two-way prospects assess Ohtani's future |work=MLB.com|first= Doug|last= Miller|date=December 6, 2017|access-date=July 11, 2018}}

Effective with the 2020 season, "two-way player" became an official MLB roster classification. A player qualifies once he reaches the following statistical milestones in either the current or the immediately previous season:{{cite news |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-rule-changes-for-2020-season |title=Rule changes announced for 2020 season |website=MLB.com |date=February 12, 2020 |access-date=February 12, 2020}}

• At least 20 MLB innings pitched.
• Appearing in at least 20 MLB games as a position player or designated hitter, with at least 3 plate appearances in each of the 20 games.

Once the player qualifies, he retains two-way status for the remainder of the current season plus all of the next season. Two-way players do not count against the limit of 13 pitchers (14 for regular-season games after September 1) on a team's active roster instituted in 2020, and also are not subject to restrictions on pitching by position players that were also introduced in 2020.

For the 2020 season only, statistics from either 2018 or 2019 could be used to qualify a player for two-way status. This allowed the Los Angeles Angels to classify Shohei Ohtani, who did not pitch in 2019 while recovering from Tommy John surgery, as a two-way player in 2020.

In 2017, the Tampa Bay Rays selected Brendan McKay, a two-way player, and began developing him as a pitcher and a first baseman;{{cite web|last=Justice |first=Richard |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/shohei-ohtani-clearing-path-for-2-way-players/c-262786764 |title=Shohei Ohtani clearing path for 2-way players |work=MLB.com |date=May 24, 2018 |access-date=January 15, 2019}} he made his MLB debut as a pitcher and DH during the Rays' 2019 season.{{cite web|url=https://www.tampabay.com/sports/rays/2019/06/29/what-a-debut-for-rays-rookie-brendan-mckay/|title=What a debut for Rays rookie Brendan McKay in 5-2 win|first=Marc|last=Topkin|website=TampaBay.com|date=June 29, 2019}}{{cite news|title=Ex-Blackhawk star Brendan McKay goes 0 for 4 in hitting debut with Rays |url=https://triblive.com/sports/blackhawks-brendan-mckay-to-make-hitting-debut-with-rays/ |newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review |date=July 1, 2019}}

Shohei Ohtani, a two-way player as a pitcher and outfielder, moved from Nippon Professional Baseball to MLB in 2018 and became one of the few players to hit and pitch professionally. He has been used as a DH on days when he does not pitch.{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/angels/la-sp-angels-spring-training-20180214-story.html|title=Angels' two-way player Ohtani will pitch and be a DH, but he won't be allowed to slide head-first|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 14, 2018|first=Mike|last=DiGiovanna|access-date=July 11, 2018}}{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/22933770/should-shohei-ohtani-stay-two-way-player-exactly-100-years-ago-red-sox-faced-same-question-babe-ruth|title=Should Shohei Ohtani stay a two-way player? Exactly 100 years ago, the Red Sox faced the same question with Babe Ruth|work=ESPN.com|date=April 3, 2018|first=Sam|last=Miller|access-date=July 10, 2018}} Ohtani was named the 2018 American League Rookie of the Year after becoming the first player since Babe Ruth to hit at least 20 home runs and pitch at least 50 innings in the same season.{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/25259659/angels-shohei-ohtani-beats-yankees-duo-win-al-rookie-year|title= Angels' Shohei Ohtani beats Yankees' duo to win AL Rookie of the Year|work=ESPN.com|date=Nov 13, 2018|first=David|last= Schoenfield|access-date=July 2, 2019}} In 2021, Ohtani became the first player to be selected for the MLB All-Star game as both a pitcher and designated hitter, and he finished the year with 46 home runs and a 158 OPS+ as a hitter and a 3.18 ERA on the mound, winning the AL MVP award unanimously.{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/shohei-ohtani-homers-in-game-162-vs-mariners|title=46 HRs, 100 RBIs: Shohei caps dream season|publisher=Rhett Bollinger|date=October 3, 2021|access-date=October 4, 2021}}{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/news/mlb-mvp-award-winners-2021|title=A 2-time and a 2-way MVP in Bryce, Ohtani|website=mlb.com|access-date=18 Nov 2021}}{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/register/player.fcgi?id=Ohtani-000sho|title=Register Players Encyclopedia - Baseball-Reference.com|website=Baseball-Reference.com|access-date=March 21, 2018}} In 2022, Ohtani became the first modern-era player to qualify for hitting and pitching leaderboards in the same season,{{cite web |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/shohei-ohtani-qualifies-for-league-leaders-as-pitcher-and-hitter |title=Ohtani makes history again, becoming 1st player to do this |first=Rhett |last=Bollinger |publisher=Major League Baseball |date=October 5, 2022 |access-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006073008/https://www.mlb.com/news/shohei-ohtani-qualifies-for-league-leaders-as-pitcher-and-hitter |url-status=live}} and in 2023 was again the unanimous AL MVP,{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2023 |title=Shohei Ohtani first player to win MVP by unanimous vote twice |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/angels/story/2023-11-16/shohei-ohtani-wins-2023-american-league-mvp-angels |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117032419/https://www.latimes.com/sports/angels/story/2023-11-16/shohei-ohtani-wins-2023-american-league-mvp-angels |archive-date=November 17, 2023 |access-date=November 17, 2023 |work=Los Angeles Times}} also making the All-MLB first team as both a designated hitter and starting pitcher.{{cite news |url=https://www.mlb.com/news/2023-all-mlb-teams-unveiled |title=Here are your 2023 All-MLB First and Second Team winners |first=Paul |last=Casella |website=MLB.com |date=December 16, 2023 |accessdate=December 16, 2023}}

Pitcher Michael Lorenzen, a former two-way player at Cal State Fullerton, amassed 133 at-bats, 31 hits and seven home runs in his seven seasons with the Cincinnati Reds, and he played as an outfielder in 36 games.{{cite web|url=https://www.theringer.com/mlb/2019/9/17/20869112/cincinnati-reds-michael-lorenzen-two-way-player-september-experiment|title=

The Reds Are Refining the Optimal Approach for a Two-Way Player|work=The Ringer|date=September 17, 2019|first=Zach|last=Kram}}{{Cite web |title=Michael Lorenzen Stats, Fantasy & News |url=https://www.mlb.com/angels/player/michael-lorenzen-547179 |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=MLB.com |language=en}} He would stop batting in the Major Leagues after leaving the Reds, pitching for the Los Angeles Angels, Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Phillies, being named an All-Star and pitching a no-hitter in 2023.{{cite web|url=https://www.philliesnation.com/2023/08/philadelphia-phillies-news-michael-lorenzen-shohei-ohtani-los-angeles-angels/|title=New Phillie Michael Lorenzen talks being a two-way player, greatness of Shohei Ohtani|website=Phillies Nation|publisher=Tim Kelly|date=August 9, 2023|access-date=January 3, 2024}}

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Other major-league teams have evaluated prospects as two-way players, including Anthony Gose, Brett Eibner and Trey Ball.{{cite web|url=https://www.milb.com/milb/news/red-sox-trey-ball-getting-new-life-as-two-way-prospect/c-302678414 |title=Ball getting new life as two-way prospect |publisher=MiLB.com |date= |access-date=January 15, 2019}}{{cite web|url=https://sportsday.dallasnews.com/texas-rangers/rangers/2017/12/05/rangers-landed-anthony-gose-two-way-player-plays-outfield-pitcher |title=Texas Rangers: How Rangers landed Anthony Gose, a two-way player who plays outfield and pitcher {{pipe}} SportsDay |publisher=Sportsday.dallasnews.com |date= December 6, 2017|access-date=January 15, 2019}}

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{{Famous|date=April 2023}}

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In the National Football League (NFL), there are few two-way players. A major concern is the possibility of injury when a player is overused. In the early years of the NFL, two-way players were more common as part of the one-platoon system, but in modern times, they are a rarity.{{cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1096104-nfls-best-two-way-players-of-all-time|title=NFL's Best Two-Way Players of All Time|work=Bleacher Report|date=March 8, 2012|access-date=July 10, 2018|first=Tony|last=Santorosa}}

Deion Sanders was a starter on defense who occasionally played offense, except for the 1996 season in which he played a considerable amount of offense as a wide receiver.{{cite web |title=Deion Sanders Stats |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SandDe00.htm |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |access-date=12 March 2022 |language=en}}

William "Refrigerator" Perry was a defensive lineman for the Chicago Bears from 1985 to 1993. Perry occasionally played fullback in goal line situations and set the then-record for the heaviest player to score a touchdown at 335 lb (152 kg).

Former St. Louis Rams player Mike Furrey was signed as a wide receiver in 2003 and was converted to safety in 2005, where he would record 58 solo tackles and 4 interceptions. The next season, this time as a member of the Detroit Lions, Furrey converted back to wide receiver where he recorded 98 receptions (second in the NFL), 1,086 receiving yards, and 6 touchdowns. Furrey would remain as a wide receiver until 2009, when as part of the Cleveland Browns, he was once again converted to safety and also played nickelback due to an injury-riddled secondary.

Troy Brown, well-regarded for his special-teams skills and as a wide receiver,{{Cite web |date=2012-06-08 |title=Troy Brown {{!}} The Patriots Hall of Fame |url=https://www.patriotshalloffame.com/hall_of_famer/troy-brown/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=www.patriotshalloffame.com |language=en-US}} played significant time at cornerback when starters were injured during the 2004 season. His three interceptions ranked second among Patriots players that season.{{Cite web |title=2004 New England Patriots Statistics & Players |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/nwe/2004.htm |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}} He also played cornerback in an emergency role during the 2005 and 2006 seasons.

Linebacker Mike Vrabel (who was Brown's New England Patriots team-mate for several years) frequently lined up at tight end or fullback in short-yardage situations at the goal line. In his career, he caught ten touchdown passes as a receiver during the regular season, and two more during the playoffs. Those two post-season touchdowns came in successive Super Bowls: XXXVIII and XXXIX.

Longtime Baltimore Ravens fullback Patrick Ricard was a defensive lineman in college. The Ravens converted him to fullback in 2017 after signing him as an undrafted free agent out of the University of Maine.{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/blog/afcnorth/post/_/id/92025/patrick-ricard-looking-to-become-nfls-sixth-two-way-player-during-last-decade|title=Patrick Ricard looking to become NFL's sixth two-way player of the past decade|work=ESPN.com|date=August 23, 2017|first=Jamison|last=Hensley|access-date=July 10, 2018}} During his first three seasons, he also played as a defensive tackle. This included his third season in 2019, when he was selected as a starting fullback for the Pro Bowl. Ricard has not played defense since 2019, but {{As of|alt=as of 2024|2024|}}, he continues to play fullback for the Ravens.

Scott Matlock of the Los Angeles Chargers was signed as a defensive lineman in 2023 and started playing fullback in 2024. Matlock's offensive coordinator Greg Roman also coached the previously mentioned Patrick Ricard, who made a similar transition to fullback from defensive lineman. {{update after|2025}}

At the college level, some players play on both sides of the ball.{{cite web|url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2015-10-01/two-way-players-make-resurgence-college-football|title=Two-way players make a resurgence in college football|work=NCAA.com|date=Nov 17, 2015|first=Tyler|last=Greenawalt|access-date=July 11, 2018}} In the mid-1980s, Gordie Lockbaum was a notable two-way player—he twice finished in the top five in Heisman Trophy balloting, and later was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame.{{cite web | title = College Football Hall of Fame: Gordie Lockbaum | website = National Football Foundation | url = {{College Football HoF/url|id=2058}} | accessdate = April 16, 2007}}

Chris Gamble not only played offense and defense at Ohio State, but he also played all phases of special teams.

While he was at UCLA (2013–2015), linebacker Myles Jack also played running back, and he won both the Pac-12 Conference Offensive and Defensive Freshman Player of the Year awards.{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/la-xpm-2013-dec-02-la-sp-1203-pac-12-myles-jack-20131203-story.html|title=UCLA's Myles Jack is chosen Pac-12 freshman of the year — twice over|work=Los Angeles Times|first=Chris |last=Foster|date=December 2, 2013|access-date=July 10, 2018}}

Travis Hunter played both wide receiver and cornerback for Jackson State in 2022 and for Colorado in 2023 and 2024. His head coach at both schools was a former two-way player, Deion Sanders. On November 29, 2024, Hunter was the first FBS player since 1996 to score 3 touchdowns on offense and record an interception. At the end of his junior season, he won the 2024 Heisman Trophy.{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/story/_/id/42973895/colorado-two-way-star-travis-hunter-wins-heisman-trophy|title=Colorado two-way star Travis Hunter wins Heisman Trophy|work=ESPN|date=December 14, 2024|accessdate=December 14, 2024}} In addition, he uniquely won both the Chuck Bednarik Award, as the nation's top defensive player, and the Fred Biletnikoff Award, as the nation's best wide receiver.{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/a-heisman-preview-travis-hunter-becomes-first-player-to-win-bednarik-and-biletnikoff-awards-025411495.html|title=A Heisman preview? Travis Hunter becomes first player to win Bednarik and Biletnikoff Awards|first=Nick |last=Bromberg|work=Yahoo! Sports|date=December 12, 2024|accessdate=December 13, 2024}}{{cite web |last1=Canfield |first1=Ryan |title=Colorado two-way star Travis Hunter wins Heisman Trophy |url=https://www.foxnews.com/sports/colorado-two-way-star-travis-hunter-wins-heisman-trophy |publisher=Fox News |access-date=15 December 2024}} He was drafted second overall in the 2025 NFL draft.{{Cite web |date=2025-04-25 |title=Jags trade up to No. 2, pick two-way star Hunter |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/44841310/jaguars-trade-no-2-pick-travis-hunter-nfl-draft |access-date=2025-04-25 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}

File:The big 4-0.jpg has been lauded for his effectiveness both offensively and defensively;{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/football/article/steven-gerrard-completes-decade-at-liverpool-d5wq20nm3ck|title=Steven Gerrard completes decade at Liverpool|newspaper=The Times|access-date=18 December 2014|archive-date=18 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218103145/http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/sport/football/clubs/liverpool/article2302644.ece|url-status=live}} and his ability to make late runs from behind into the penalty area.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2020/03/30/retro-premier-league-review-200809-steven-gerrards-peak-season/ |title=Retro Premier League review: Why 2008/09 was Steven Gerrard's peak season |work=The Telegraph |last1=Bull |first1=JJ |date=30 March 2020 |access-date=16 May 2020 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230174424/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2020/03/30/retro-premier-league-review-200809-steven-gerrards-peak-season/ |url-status=live }}]]

Box-to-box midfielders are a prominent example of two-way players in association football. Box-to-box midfielders are hard-working and have good all-round abilities, which makes them skilled at both defending and attacking; these players can therefore track back to their own box to block shots or to make tackles and interceptions, and also carry the ball forward or run to the opponents' box to try to score.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/1957308.stm |title=Box to box Bowyer |date=29 April 2002 |publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=21 June 2008 |location=London}}{{cite web |url=http://www.espnfc.com/fifa-world-cup/story/1861193/in-praise-of-the-box-to-box-midfielder |title=In praise of the box-to-box midfielder |date=4 June 2014 |access-date=31 October 2014 |website=ESPN FC |last=Cox |first=Michael}} Some notable examples of box-to-box midfielders are Lothar Matthäus, Clarence Seedorf, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Steven Gerrard, Johan Neeskens, Sócrates, Patrick Vieira, Bryan Robson and Roy Keane.[https://www.90min.com/posts/the-best-box-to-box-midfielders-of-all-time The Best Box-to-Box Midfielders of All-Time]

In recent times, full-backs have become two-way players, with the traditionally defensive position taking on a more attacking role than was the case traditionally, with full-backs often overlapping with wingers down the flank; wingerless formations, such as the diamond 4–4–2 formation, require the full-back to cover considerable ground up and down the flank.{{cite news |title=Fleet-of-foot full-backs carry key to effective attacking |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2007/jun/06/sport.comment1 |access-date=11 December 2008 |work=The Guardian |location=London |first=David |last=Pleat |date=6 June 2007 }} David Pleat explains in a Guardian article how full-backs aid football teams when attacking.

File:Alan Tate.jpg, who played the last 64 minutes plus extra time for Swansea City against Queens Park Rangers in 2008 as goalkeeper, and kept the goal clean to achieve a 0-0 draw.]]

Two-way players who are skilled at playing both goalkeeper and outfielder are very rare at the higher levels of play. One of few who have started different matches as outfielder and goalkeeper was defender David Webb, who started one match in 1971 for Chelsea F.C. as goalkeeper.

In the event that a team loses all its regular goalkeepers to injuries or red cards, outfielders have occasionally switched mid-match to the goalkeeper role for the rest of the match, but the player's switch is not typically normalised in later matches.

Regular goalkeepers are not prohibited from participating in outfield activity while being goalkeeper, though this is normally considered risky. Examples include dribbling in defence, taking penalty kicks or free kicks, or if a team is 1 goal behind near the end of a match while a corner kick or free kick is awarded, the keeper can run up to the offence to attempt a last-minute goal.

• All-rounder, a cricketer who is skilled at batting and bowling
• One-platoon system - a substitution system in American football where the same players were expected to stay on the field for the entire game, playing both offense and defense
• Utility player - a term for a player who more broadly plays multiple positions

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{{reflist}}

• Duncan, Mike. [https://tht.fangraphs.com/shohei-ohtani-the-babe-and-the-bullet/ "Shohei Ohtani, The Bambino, and Bullet Joe,"] The Hardball Times (April 11, 2018).
• Jaffe, Jay. [https://blogs.fangraphs.com/shohei-ohtani-and-beyond-a-history-of-double-duty-players/ "Shohei Ohtani and Beyond: a History of Double-Duty Players,"] FanGraphs (April 6, 2018).

Category:Terminology used in multiple sports