uridine triphosphate
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| ImageFile = Uridintriphosphat2.svg
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of UTP
| ImageFile1 = Uridine triphosphate 3D spacefill.png
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the UTP molecule as an anion
| IUPACName = Uridine 5′-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)
| SystematicName = O1-
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 63-39-8
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = UT0S826Z60
| PubChem = 6133
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 605653
| SMILES =
| MeSHName = Uridine+triphosphate
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=9 | H=15 | N=2 | O=15 | P=3
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Uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1′ carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri-phosphoric acid at the 5′ position. Its main role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription. UTP is the precursor for the production of CTP via CTP synthetase.{{Cite book|last=Meisenberg|first=Gerhard Meisenberg|title=Principles of Medical Biochemistry|publisher=Elsevier|year=2017|isbn=978-0-323-29616-8|location=Philadelphia, PA, USA|pages=505}} UTP can be biosynthesized from UDP by Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase after using the phosphate group from ATP.{{Cite book|last=Victor|first=Rodwell|title=Haper's illustrated Biochemistry|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2015|isbn=978-0-07-182537-5|location=USA|pages=118}}{{Cite book|last=Meisenberg|first=Gerhard Meisenberg|title=Principles of MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, 4th edition|publisher=Elsevier|year=2017|isbn=978-0-323-29616-8|location=Philadelphia, PA, USA|pages=59}} UDP + ATP ⇌ UTP + ADP;{{Cite book|last=Voet|first=Donald|title=Biochemistry, 4th edition|publisher=JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC|year=2011|isbn=978-0-470-57095-1|location=USA|pages=645}} both UTP and ATP are energetically equal.
The homologue in DNA is thymidine triphosphate (TTP or dTTP). UTP also has a deoxyribose form (dUTP).
Role in metabolism
UTP also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ATP, but more specific. When UTP activates a substrate (such as glucose-1-phosphate), UDP-glucose is formed and inorganic phosphate is released.{{Cite book|last=Rodwell|first=Victor|title=Harper's illustrated Biochemistry|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2015|isbn=978-0-07-182537-5|location=USA|pages=176}}
UDP-glucose enters the synthesis of glycogen. UTP is used in the metabolism of galactose, where the activated form UDP-galactose is converted to UDP-glucose. UDP-glucuronate is used to conjugate bilirubin to a more water-soluble bilirubin diglucuronide. UTP is also used to activate amino sugars like glucosamine-1-phosphate to UDP-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.{{Cite book|last=Rodwell|first=Victor|title=Harper's illustrated biochemistry, 13th edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=2015|isbn=978-0-07-182537-5|location=USA|pages=204}}
Role in receptor mediation
UTP also has roles in mediating responses by extracellular binding to the P2Y receptors of cells. UTP and its derivatives are still being investigated for their applications in human medicine. However, there is evidence from various model systems to suggest it has applications in pathogen defense and injury repair. In mice UTP has been found to interact with P2Y4 receptors to mediate an enhancement in antibody production.{{Cite journal |last1=Iwaki |first1=Yoshimi |last2=Sakai |first2=Yusuke |last3=Ochiai |first3=Kenji |last4=Umemura |first4=Takashi |last5=Sunden |first5=Yuji |date=2014-03-01 |title=Enhancement of antibody production against rabies virus by uridine 5′-triphosphate in mice |journal=Microbes and Infection |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=196–202 |doi=10.1016/j.micinf.2013.11.012 |pmid=24309427 |issn=1286-4579|doi-access=free }} In Schwannoma cells, UTP binds to the P2YP receptors in the event of damage. This leads to the downstream signal cascade that leads to the eventual injury repair.{{Cite journal |last1=Lamarca |first1=Aloa |last2=Gella |first2=Alejandro |last3=Martiañez |first3=Tania |last4=Segura |first4=Mònica |last5=Figueiro-Silva |first5=Joana |last6=Grijota-Martinez |first6=Carmen |last7=Trullas |first7=Ramón |last8=Casals |first8=Núria |date=2014-06-06 |editor-last=Zegers |editor-first=Mirjam M. |title=Uridine 5′-Triphosphate Promotes In Vitro Schwannoma Cell Migration through Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Activation |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=e98998 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0098998 |pmid=24905332 |pmc=4048211 |issn=1932-6203 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2014PLoSO...998998L }}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides}}
{{Purinergics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Uridine Triphosphate}}