user:Nardog

"The 'true' IPA is that which describes speech as closely as possible."

{{cquote|[I]t must remain a general principle to leave out everything self-evident, and everything that can be explained once for all. This allows us to dispense almost completely with the modifiers, and with a good many other signs, except in scientific works and in introductory explanations. We write English fill and French fil the same way {{IPA|fil}}; yet the English vowel is 'wide' and the French 'narrow', and the English {{IPA|l}} is formed much further back than the French. If we wanted to mark these differences, we should write English {{IPA|fìl{{resize|50%|⊣}}}}, French {{IPA|fíl{{resize|50%|⊢}}}}. But we need not do so: we know, once for all, that English short {{IPA|i}} is always {{IPA|ì}}, and French {{IPA|i}} always {{IPA|í}}; that English {{IPA|l}} is always {{IPA|l{{resize|50%|⊣}}}} and French {{IPA|l}} always {{IPA|l{{resize|50%|⊢}}}}.|source=Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association (1904), p. 10}}

"There are only two kinds of phonetic transcription: broad (phonemic) and narrow (allophonic)."

{{cquote|If the relevant phonological system is known, a transcription can be devised which includes any number of additional symbols to indicate the phonetic realizations of the phonemes. ... Narrowness is regarded as a continuum, so that {{IPA|[tʃɛkðəlɛnzwɛɫ]}} might be regarded as a slightly narrow (or 'narrowed') transcription, and {{IPA|[tʃe̞ʔ͡kð̞əlɛ̃nzwæ̠ɫ]}} as very narrow ... the realizational information which is not explicit in a particular allophonic transcription is, in principle, provided by conventions.|source=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association (1999), pp. 29–30}}

"The International Phonetic Alphabet is, at its core, a phonetic alphabet."

{{cquote|1. There should be a separate sign for each distinctive sound; that is, for each sound which, being used instead of another, in the same language, can change the meaning of a word.

2. When any sound is found in several languages, the same sign should be used in all. This applies also to very similar shades of sound.|source=Text introducing the very first version of the International Phonetic Alphabet (1888)}}

{{cquote|The IPA is designed to be a set of symbols for representing all the possible sounds of the world's languages. The representation of these sounds uses a set of phonetic categories which describe how each sound is made. These categories define a number of natural classes of sounds that operate in phonological rules and historical sound changes. The symbols of the IPA are shorthand ways of indicating certain intersections of these categories. Thus {{IPA|[p]}} is a shorthand way of designating the intersection of the categories voiceless, bilabial, and plosive; {{IPA|[m]}} is the intersection of the categories voiced, bilabial, and nasal; and so on. The sounds that are represented by the symbols are primarily those that serve to distinguish one word from another in a language.|source="The Principles of the International Phonetic Association" (1989)}}

"There is 'the IPA for [a language]'."

{{cquote|There can be many systems of phonemic transcription for the same variety of a language, all of which conform fully to the principles of the IPA. ... In English, for example, the contrast between the words bead and bid has phonetic correlates in both vowel quality and vowel duration. A phonemic representation which explicitly notes this might use the symbols {{IPA|/iː/}} and {{IPA|/ɪ/}} ... But it is equally possible unambiguously to represent these phonemes as {{IPA|/iː/}} and {{IPA|/i/}} ..., or as {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/ɪ/}} ... All three pairs of symbols are in accord with the principles of the IPA ... The IPA does not provide a phonological analysis for a particular language, let alone a single 'correct' transcription, but rather the resources to express any analysis so that it is widely understood.|source=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association (1999), p. 30}}

"There is one correct way to syllabify English words."

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"The Chaos" by Gerard Nolst Trenité:As printed in Charivarius, 1922, [http://www.delpher.nl/nl/boeken/view?identifier=MMKB02%3A100001558%3A00141 Ruize-rijmen] (Wikisource).The stress is lexical.

Dearest creature in Creation,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɪər|ɪ|s|t|_|ˈ|k|r|iː|tʃ|ər|_|ɪ|n|_|k|r|i|ˈ|eɪ|ʃ|ən}}

Studying English pronunciation,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|ʌ|d|i|ɪ|ŋ|_|ˈ|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|l|ɪ|ʃ|_|p|r|ə|ˌ|n|ʌ|n|s|i|ˈ|eɪ|ʃ|ən}}

I will teach you in my verse
{{IPAc-en|aɪ|_|w|ɪ|l|_|t|iː|tʃ|_|j|uː|_|ɪ|n|_|m|aɪ|_|v|ɜːr|s}}

Sounds like corpse, corps, horse and worse.
{{IPAc-en|s|aʊ|n|d|z|_|l|aɪ|k|_|k|ɔːr|p|s|_|k|ɔːr|_|h|ɔːr|s|_|ə|n|_|w|ɜːr|s}}

It will keep you, Susy, busy,
{{IPAc-en|ɪ|t|_|w|ɪ|l|_|k|iː|p|_|j|uː|_|ˈ|s|uː|z|i|_|ˈ|b|ɪ|z|i}}

Make your head withGenAm: {{IPAc-en|w|ɪ|θ}} heat grow dizzy;
{{IPAc-en|m|eɪ|k|_|j|ʊər|_|h|ɛ|d|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|h|iː|t|_|ɡ|r|oʊ|_|ˈ|d|ɪ|z|i}}

Tear in eye your dress you'll tear.
{{IPAc-en|t|ɪər|_|ɪ|n|_|aɪ|_|j|ʊər|_|d|r|ɛ|s|_|j|uː|l|_|t|ɛər}}

So shall I! Oh, hear my prayer,
{{IPAc-en|s|oʊ|_|ʃ|ə|l|_|aɪ|_|oʊ|_|h|ɪər|_|m|aɪ|_|p|r|ɛər}}

Pray, console your loving poet,
{{IPAc-en|p|r|eɪ|_|k|ə|n|ˈ|s|oʊ|l|_|j|ʊər|_|ˈ|l|ʌ|v|ɪ|ŋ|_|ˈ|p|oʊ|ɪ|t}}

Make my coat look new, dear, sew it?
{{IPAc-en|m|eɪ|k|_|m|aɪ|_|k|oʊ|t|_|l|ʊ|k|_|nj|uː|_|d|ɪər|_|s|oʊ|_|ɪ|t}}

Just compare heart, beard and heard,
{{IPAc-en|dʒ|ʌ|s|t|_|k|ə|m|ˈ|p|ɛər|_|h|ɑːr|t|_|b|ɪər|d|_|ə|n|_|h|ɜːr|d}}

Dies and diet, lord and word,
{{IPAc-en|d|aɪ|z|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|d|aɪ|ə|t|_|l|ɔːr|d|_|ə|n|_|w|ɜːr|d}}

Sword and sward, retain and Britain,
{{IPAc-en|s|ɔːr|d|_|ə|n|_|s|w|ɔːr|d|_|r|ɪ|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|b|r|ɪ|t|ən}}

(Mind the latter, how it's written!)
{{IPAc-en|m|aɪ|n|d|_|ð|ə|_|ˈ|l|æ|t|ər|_|h|aʊ|_|ɪ|t|s|_|ˈ|r|ɪ|t|ən}}

Made has not the sound of bade,
{{IPAc-en|m|eɪ|d|_|h|ə|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|ð|ə|_|s|aʊ|n|d|_|ə|v|_|b|æ|d}}

Say—said, pay—paid, laid, but plaid.
{{IPAc-en|s|eɪ|_|s|ɛ|d|_|p|eɪ|_|p|eɪ|d|_|l|eɪ|d|_|b|ə|t|_|p|l|æ|d}}

Now I surely will not plague you
{{IPAc-en|n|aʊ|_|aɪ|_|ˈ|ʃ|ʊər|l|i|_|w|ɪ|l|_|n|ɒ|t|_|p|l|eɪ|ɡ|_|j|uː}}

With such words as vague and ague,
{{IPAc-en|w|ɪ|ð|_|s|ʌ|tʃ|_|w|ɜːr|d|z|_|ə|z|_|v|eɪ|ɡ|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|eɪ|ɡ|j|uː}}

But be careful how you speak,
{{IPAc-en|b|ə|t|_|b|iː|_|ˈ|k|ɛər|f|əl|_|h|aʊ|_|j|uː|_|s|p|iː|k}}

Say break, steak, but bleak and streak,
{{IPAc-en|s|eɪ|_|b|r|eɪ|k|_|s|t|eɪ|k|_|b|ə|t|_|b|l|iː|k|_|ə|n|_|s|t|r|iː|k}}

Previous, precious; fuchsia, via;alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|iː|ə}}
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|iː|v|i|ə|s|_|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|ə|s|_|ˈ|f|j|uː|ʃ|ə|_|ˈ|v|aɪ|ə}}

Pipe, snipe, recipe and choir,
{{IPAc-en|p|aɪ|p|_|s|n|aɪ|p|_|ˈ|r|ɛ|s|ɪ|p|i|_|ə|n|_|k|w|aɪər}}

Cloven, oven; how and low;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|oʊ|v|ən|_|ˈ|ʌ|v|ən|_|h|aʊ|_|ə|n|_|l|oʊ}}

Script, receipt; shoe, poem, toe,
{{IPAc-en|s|k|r|ɪ|p|t|_|r|ɪ|ˈ|s|iː|t|_|ʃ|uː|_|ˈ|p|oʊ|ɪ|m|_|t|oʊ}}

Hear me say, devoid of trickery:
{{IPAc-en|h|ɪər|_|m|iː|_|s|eɪ|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|v|ɔɪ|d|_|ə|v|_|ˈ|t|r|ɪ|k|ər|i}}

Daughter, laughterGenAm: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|f|t|ər}} and Terpsichore,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɔː|t|ər|_|ˈ|l|ɑː|f|t|ər|_|ə|n|_|t|ɜːr|p|ˈ|s|ɪ|k|ər|i}}

Typhoid; measles, topsails, aisles;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|f|ɔɪ|d|_|ˈ|m|iː|z|əl|z|_|ˈ|t|ɒ|p|s|əl|z|_|aɪ|l|z}}

Exiles,alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|ɡ|z|aɪ|l|z}} similes, reviles;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|k|s|aɪ|l|z|_|ˈ|s|ɪ|m|ɪ|l|i|z|_|r|ɪ|ˈ|v|aɪ|l|z}}

Wholly, holly; signal, signing;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|oʊ|l|i|_|ˈ|h|ɒ|l|i|_|ˈ|s|ɪ|ɡ|n|əl|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ɪ|ŋ}}

Thames; examining, combining;
{{IPAc-en|t|ɛ|m|z|_|ɪ|ɡ|ˈ|z|æ|m|ɪ|n|ɪ|ŋ|_|k|ə|m|ˈ|b|aɪ|n|ɪ|ŋ}}

Scholar, vicar and cigar,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|ɒ|l|ər|_|ˈ|v|ɪ|k|ər|_|ə|n|_|s|ɪ|ˈ|ɡ|ɑːr}}

Solar, mica, war and far.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|oʊ|l|ər|_|ˈ|m|aɪ|k|ə|_|w|ɔːr|_|ə|n|_|f|ɑːr}}

From "desire": desirable—admirable from "admire";
{{IPAc-en|f|r|ə|m|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|z|aɪər|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|z|aɪər|ə|b|əl|_|ˈ|æ|d|m|ər|ə|b|əl|_|f|r|ə|m|_|ə|d|ˈ|m|aɪər}}

Lumber, plumber; bier but brier;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|m|b|ər|_|ˈ|p|l|ʌ|m|ər|_|b|ɪər|_|b|ə|t|_|b|r|aɪər}}

Chatham, brougham;alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|uː|ə|m}} renown but known,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|æ|t|əm|_|b|r|uː|m|_|r|ɪ|ˈ|n|aʊ|n|_|b|ə|t|_|n|oʊ|n}}

Knowledge; done, but goneGenAm: {{IPAc-en|ɡ|ɔː|n}} and tone,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɒ|l|ɪ|dʒ|_|d|ʌ|n|_|b|ə|t|_|ɡ|ɒ|n|_|ə|n|_|t|oʊ|n}}

One, anemone; Balmoral;
{{IPAc-en|w|ʌ|n|_|ə|ˈ|n|ɛ|m|ə|n|i|_|b|æ|l|ˈ|m|ɒr|ə|l}}

Kitchen, lichen; laundry, laurel;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɪ|tʃ|ɪ|n|_|ˈ|l|aɪ|k|ən|_|ˈ|l|ɔː|n|d|r|i|_|ˈ|l|ɒr|ə|l}}

Gertrude, German; wind and mind;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|ɜːr|t|r|uː|d|_|ˈ|dʒ|ɜːr|m|ə|n|_|w|ɪ|n|d|_|ə|n|_|m|aɪ|n|d}}

Scene, Melpomene, mankind;
{{IPAc-en|s|iː|n|_|m|ɛ|l|ˈ|p|ɒ|m|ɪ|n|i|_|m|æ|n|ˈ|k|aɪ|n|d}}

Tortoise, turquoise,alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɜːr|k|w|ɔɪ|z|,_|-|k|ɔɪ|z}} chamois-leather,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɔːr|t|ə|s|_|ˈ|t|ɜːr|k|w|ɑː|z|_|ˈ|ʃ|æ|m|i|_|ˈ|l|ɛ|ð|ər}}

Reading, Reading, heathen, heather.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|iː|d|ɪ|ŋ|_|ˈ|r|ɛ|d|ɪ|ŋ|_|ˈ|h|iː|ð|ən|_|ˈ|h|ɛ|ð|ər}}

This phonetic labyrinth
{{IPAc-en|ð|ɪ|s|_|f|ə|ˈ|n|ɛ|t|ɪ|k|_|ˈ|l|æ|b|ɪ|r|ɪ|n|θ}}Imperfect rhymes.

Gives moss,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|m|ɔː|s}} gross, brook, brooch, ninth, plinth.
{{IPAc-en|ɡ|ɪ|v|z|_|m|ɒ|s|_|ɡ|r|oʊ|s|_|b|r|ʊ|k|_|b|r|oʊ|tʃ|_|n|aɪ|n|θ|_|p|l|ɪ|n|θ}}

Billet does not end like ballet;GenAm: {{IPAc-en|b|æ|ˈ|l|eɪ}}
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɪ|l|ɪ|t|_|d|ə|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|ɛ|n|d|_|l|aɪ|k|_|ˈ|b|æ|l|eɪ}}

Bouquet,alt. {{IPAc-en|b|oʊ|ˈ|k|eɪ|,_|ˈ|b|uː|k|eɪ}}, GenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|b|uː|ˈ|k|eɪ}} wallet, mallet, chalet;GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ʃ|æ|ˈ|l|eɪ}}
{{IPAc-en|b|ʊ|ˈ|k|eɪ|_|ˈ|w|ɒ|l|ɪ|t|_|ˈ|m|æ|l|ɪ|t|_|ˈ|ʃ|æ|l|eɪ}}

Blood and flood are not like food,
{{IPAc-en|b|l|ʌ|d|_|ə|n|_|f|l|ʌ|d|_|ɑːr|_|n|ɒ|t|_|l|aɪ|k|_|f|uː|d}}

Nor is mould like should and would.
{{IPAc-en|n|ɔːr|_|ɪ|z|_|m|oʊ|l|d|_|l|aɪ|k|_|ʃ|ʊ|d|_|ə|n|_|w|ʊ|d}}

Banquet is not nearly parquet,alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɑːr|k|eɪ|,_|p|ɑːr|ˈ|k|eɪ}}
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|ŋ|k|w|ɪ|t|_|ɪ|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|ˈ|n|ɪər|l|i|_|ˈ|p|ɑːr|k|i}}

Which is said to rime with "darky".
{{IPAc-en|hw|ɪ|tʃ|_|ɪ|z|_|s|ɛ|d|_|t|ə|_|r|aɪ|m|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ˈ|d|ɑːr|k|i}}

Viscous, viscount; load and broad;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɪ|s|k|ə|s|_|ˈ|v|aɪ|k|aʊ|n|t|_|l|oʊ|d|_|ə|n|_|b|r|ɔː|d}}

Toward, to forward, to reward,
{{IPAc-en|t|ɔːr|d|_|t|ə|_|ˈ|f|ɔːr|w|ər|d|_|t|uː|_|r|ɪ|ˈ|w|ɔːr|d}}

And your pronunciation's O.K.
{{IPAc-en|ə|n|d|_|j|ʊər|_|p|r|ə|ˌ|n|ʌ|n|s|i|ˈ|eɪ|ʃ|ən|z|_|oʊ|ˈ|k|eɪ}}

When you say correctly croquet;alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|oʊ|k|i|,_|k|r|oʊ|ˈ|k|eɪ}}
{{IPAc-en|hw|ɛ|n|_|j|uː||_|s|eɪ|_|k|ə|ˈ|r|ɛ|k|t|l|i|_|ˈ|k|r|oʊ|k|eɪ}}

Rounded, wounded; grieve and sieve;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|aʊ|n|d|ɪ|d|_|ˈ|w|uː|n|d|ɪ|d|_|ɡ|r|iː|v|_|ə|n|_|s|ɪ|v}}

Friend and fiend; alive and live;
{{IPAc-en|f|r|ɛ|n|d|_|ə|n|_|f|iː|n|d|_|ə|ˈ|l|aɪ|v|_|ə|n|_|l|ɪ|v}}

Liberty, library; heave and heaven;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɪ|b|ər|t|i|_|ˈ|l|aɪ|b|r|ər|i|_|h|iː|v|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|h|ɛ|v|ən}}

Rachel, ache, moustache;GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|s|t|æ|ʃ}} eleven.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|eɪ|tʃ|əl|_|eɪ|k|_|m|ə|ˈ|s|t|ɑː|ʃ|_|ɪ|ˈ|l|ɛ|v|ən}}

We say hallowed, but allowed;
{{IPAc-en|w|iː|_|s|eɪ|_|ˈ|h|æ|l|oʊ|d|_|b|ə|t|_|ə|ˈ|l|aʊ|d}}

People, leopard; towed, but vowed
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|iː|p|əl|_|ˈ|l|ɛ|p|ər|d|_|t|oʊ|d|_|b|ə|t|_|v|aʊ|d}}

Mark the difference, moreover,
{{IPAc-en|m|ɑːr|k|_|ð|ə|_|ˈ|d|ɪ|f|ər|ə|n|s|_|m|ɔːr|ˈ|oʊ|v|ər}}

Between mover, plover, Dover,
{{IPAc-en|b|ɪ|ˈ|t|w|iː|n|_|ˈ|m|uː|v|ər|_|ˈ|p|l|ʌ|v|ər|_|ˈ|d|oʊ|v|ər}}

Leeches, breeches;alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|r|iː|tʃ|ɪ|z}} wise, precise;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|iː|tʃ|ɪ|z|_|ˈ|b|r|ɪ|tʃ|ɪ|z|_|w|aɪ|z|_|p|r|ɪ|ˈ|s|aɪ|s}}

Chalice but police and lice.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|tʃ|æ|l|ɪ|s|_|b|ə|t|_|p|ə|ˈ|l|iː|s|_|ə|n|_|l|aɪ|s}}

Camel; constable,alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|s|t|ə|b|əl}} unstable;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|m|əl|_|ˈ|k|ʌ|n|s|t|ə|b|əl|_|ʌ|n|ˈ|s|t|eɪ|b|əl}}

Principle, disciple; label;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|ɪ|n|s|ɪ|p|əl|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|s|aɪ|p|əl|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|b|əl}}

Petal, penal and canal;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɛ|t|əl|_|ˈ|p|iː|n|əl|_|ə|n|d|_|k|ə|ˈ|n|æ|l}}

Wait, surmise,alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɜːr|m|aɪ|z}} plait,GenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|p|l|eɪ|t}} promise; pal.
{{IPAc-en|w|eɪ|t|_|s|ɜːr|ˈ|m|aɪ|z|_|p|l|æ|t|_|ˈ|p|r|ɒ|m|ɪ|s|_|p|æ|l}}

Suit, suite, ruin, circuit, conduitalt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|dj|u|ɪ|t|,_|ˈ|k|ʌ|n|-}}
{{IPAc-en|sj|uː|t|_|s|w|iː|t|_|ˈ|r|uː|ɪ|n|_|ˈ|s|ɜːr|k|ɪ|t|_|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|d|ɪ|t}}

Rime with "shirk it" and "beyond it",
{{IPAc-en|r|aɪ|m|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ʃ|ɜːr|k|_|ɪ|t|_|ə|n|_|b|i|ˈ|ɒ|n|d|_|ɪ|t}}

But it is not hard to tell,
{{IPAc-en|b|ə|t|_|ɪ|t|_|ɪ|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|h|ɑːr|d|_|t|ə|_|t|ɛ|l}}

Why it's pall, mall, but Pall Mall.
{{IPAc-en|hw|aɪ|_|ɪ|t|s|_|p|ɔː|l|_|m|ɔː|l|_|b|ə|t|_|p|ɛ|l|_|m|ɛ|l}}

Muscle, muscular; gaol; iron;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|s|əl|_|ˈ|m|ʌ|s|k|j|ʊ|l|ər|_|dʒ|eɪ|l|_|aɪər|n}}

Timber, climber; bullion, lion,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɪ|m|b|ər|_|ˈ|k|l|aɪ|m|ər|_|ˈ|b|ʊ|l|i|ən|_|ˈ|l|aɪ|ə|n}}

Worm and storm; chaise, chaos, chair;
{{IPAc-en|w|ɜːr|m|_|ə|n|_|s|t|ɔːr|m|_|ʃ|eɪ|z|_|ˈ|k|eɪ|ɒ|s|_|tʃ|ɛər}}

Senator, spectator,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|p|ɛ|k|t|eɪ|t|ər}} mayor.alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|eɪ|ər}}
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|n|ə|t|ər|_|s|p|ɛ|k|ˈ|t|eɪ|t|ər|_|m|ɛər}}

Ivy, privy; famous, clamour
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|v|i|_|ˈ|p|r|ɪ|v|i|_|ˈ|f|eɪ|m|ə|s|_|ˈ|k|l|æ|m|ər}}

And enamour rime with "hammer."
{{IPAc-en|ə|n|d|_|ɪ|ˈ|n|æ|m|ər|_|r|aɪ|m|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ˈ|h|æ|m|ər}}

Pussy, hussy and possess.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ʊ|s|i|_|ˈ|h|ʌ|s|i|_|ə|n|_|p|ə|ˈ|z|ɛ|s}}

Desert, but dessert, address.GenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|d|r|ɛ|s}}
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɛ|z|ər|t|_|b|ə|t|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|z|ɜːr|t|_|ə|ˈ|d|r|ɛ|s}}

Golf,GenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|ɡ|ɔː|l|f}} wolf; countenance; lieutenantsGenAm: {{IPAc-en|l|uː|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t|s}}
{{IPAc-en|ɡ|ɒ|l|f|_|w|ʊ|l|f|_|ˈ|k|aʊ|n|t|ən|ə|n|s|_|l|ɛ|f|ˈ|t|ɛ|n|ə|n|t|s}}

Hoist, in lieu of flags, left pennants.
{{IPAc-en|h|ɔɪ|s|t|_|ɪ|n|_|lj|uː|_|ə|v|_|f|l|æ|ɡ|z|_|l|ɛ|f|t|_|ˈ|p|ɛ|n|ə|n|t|s}}

River, rival; tomb, bomb, comb;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɪ|v|ər|_|ˈ|r|aɪ|v|əl|_|t|uː|m|_|b|ɒ|m|_|k|oʊ|m}}

DollGenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|d|ɔː|l}} and roll and some and home.
{{IPAc-en|d|ɒ|l|_|ə|n|_|r|oʊ|l|_|ə|n|_|s|ʌ|m|_|ə|n|_|h|oʊ|m}}

Stranger does not rime with anger,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|r|eɪ|n|dʒ|ər|_|d|ə|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|r|aɪ|m|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ˈ|æ|ŋ|ɡ|ər}}

Neitheralt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|iː|ð|ər}} does devour with clangour.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|ð|ər|_|d|ə|z|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|v|aʊər|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ˈ|k|l|æ|ŋ|ɡ|ər}}

Soul, but foul and gaunt, but aunt;GenAm: {{IPAc-en|æ|n|t}}
{{IPAc-en|s|oʊ|l|_|b|ə|t|_|f|aʊ|l|_|ə|n|_|ɡ|ɔː|n|t|_|b|ə|t|_|ɑː|n|t}}

Font, front, wont;GenAm: {{IPAc-en|w|ɔː|n|t}} want,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|w|ɔː|n|t}} grand, and, grant,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ɡ|r|æ|n|t}}
{{IPAc-en|f|ɒ|n|t|_|f|r|ʌ|n|t|_|w|oʊ|n|t|_|w|ɒ|n|t|_|ɡ|r|æ|n|d|_|ə|n|d|_|ɡ|r|ɑː|n|t}}

Shoes, goes, does.The footnote is just messing with you. If does here was actually the plural of doe, it wouldn't contrast with goes. *) Now first say: finger,
{{IPAc-en|ʃ|uː|z|_|ɡ|oʊ|z|_|d|ʌ|z|_|n|aʊ|_|f|ɜːr|s|t|_|s|eɪ|_|ˈ|f|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|ər}}

And then: singer, ginger, linger.
{{IPAc-en|ə|n|_|ð|ɛ|n|_|ˈ|s|ɪ|ŋ|ər|_|ˈ|dʒ|ɪ|n|dʒ|ər|_|ˈ|l|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|ər}}

Real, zeal; mauve,GenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|m|ɔː|v}} gauze and gauge;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|iː|ə|l|_|z|iː|l|_|m|oʊ|v|_|ɡ|ɔː|z|_|ə|n|_|ɡ|eɪ|dʒ}}

Marriage, foliage, mirage,alt. {{IPAc-en|m|ɪ|ˈ|r|ɑː|ʒ}} age.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ær|ɪ|dʒ|_|ˈ|f|oʊ|l|i|ɪ|dʒ|_|ˈ|m|ɪ|r|ɑː|ʒ|_|eɪ|dʒ}}

QueryGenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|ɛr|i}} does not rime with very,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|ɪər|i|_|d|ə|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|r|aɪ|m|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ˈ|v|ɛr|i}}

Nor does fury sound like bury.
{{IPAc-en|n|ɔːr|_|d|ə|z|_|ˈ|f|jʊər|i|_|s|aʊ|n|d|_|l|aɪ|k|_|ˈ|b|ɛr|i}}

Dost, lost,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|l|ɔː|s|t}} post and doth, cloth,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|k|l|ɔː|θ}} loth;
{{IPAc-en|d|ʌ|s|t|_|l|ɒ|s|t|_|p|oʊ|s|t|_|ə|n|_|d|ʌ|θ|_|k|l|ɒ|θ|_|l|oʊ|θ}}

Job, Job, blossom, bosom, oath.
{{IPAc-en|dʒ|ɒ|b|_|dʒ|oʊ|b|_|ˈ|b|l|ɒ|s|əm|_|ˈ|b|ʊ|z|əm|_|oʊ|θ}}

Though the difference seems little,
{{IPAc-en|ð|oʊ|_|ð|ə|_|ˈ|d|ɪ|f|ər|ə|n|s|_|s|iː|m|z|_|ˈ|l|ɪ|t|əl}}

We say actual, but victual,
{{IPAc-en|w|iː|_|s|eɪ|_|ˈ|æ|k|tʃ|u|ə|l|_|b|ə|t|_|ˈ|v|ɪ|t|əl}}

Seat, sweat, chaste, caste;GenAm: {{IPAc-en|k|æ|s|t}} Leigh, eight, height;
{{IPAc-en|s|iː|t|_|s|w|ɛ|t|_|tʃ|eɪ|s|t|_|k|ɑː|s|t|_|l|iː|_|eɪ|t|_|h|aɪ|t}}

Put, nut; granite, but unite.
{{IPAc-en|p|ʊ|t|_|n|ʌ|t|_|ˈ|ɡ|r|æ|n|ɪ|t|_|b|ə|t|_|j|uː|ˈ|n|aɪ|t}}

Reefer does not rime with "deafer,"
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|iː|f|ər|_|d|ə|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|r|aɪ|m|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ˈ|d|ɛ|f|ər}}

Feofferalt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|f|ər}} does, and zephyr, heifer.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɛ|f|ər|_|d|ʌ|z|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|z|ɛ|f|ər|_|ˈ|h|ɛ|f|ər}}

Dull, bull; Geoffrey, George; ate,alt. {{IPAc-en|eɪ|t}} late;
{{IPAc-en|d|ʌ|l|_|b|ʊ|l|_|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|f|r|i|_|dʒ|ɔːr|dʒ|_|ɛ|t|_|l|eɪ|t}}

Hint, pint; senate, but sedate;
{{IPAc-en|h|ɪ|n|t|_|p|aɪ|n|t|_|ˈ|s|ɛ|n|ə|t|_|b|ə|t|_|s|ɪ|ˈ|d|eɪ|t}}

Scenic, Arabic, pacific;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|iː|n|ɪ|k|_|ˈ|ær|ə|b|ɪ|k|_|p|ə|ˈ|s|ɪ|f|ɪ|k}}

Science, conscience, scientific;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪ|ə|n|s|_|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|ʃ|ən|s|_|ˌ|s|aɪ|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɪ|f|ɪ|k}}

Tour, but our, and succour, four;
{{IPAc-en|t|ʊər|_|b|ə|t|_|aʊər|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|s|ʌ|k|ər|_|f|ɔːr}}

Gas, alasalt. {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|l|æ|s}} and Arkansas!
{{IPAc-en|ɡ|æ|s|_|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː|s|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|ɑːr|k|ən|s|ɔː}}

Sea, idea, guinea, area,
{{IPAc-en|s|iː|_|aɪ|ˈ|d|iː|ə|_|ˈ|ɡ|ɪ|n|i|_|ˈ|ɛər|i|ə}}

Psalm; Maria, but malaria;
{{IPAc-en|s|ɑː|m|_|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|_|b|ə|t|_|m|ə|ˈ|l|ɛər|i|ə}}

Youth, south, southern; cleanse and clean;
{{IPAc-en|j|uː|θ|_|s|aʊ|θ|_|ˈ|s|ʌ|ð|ər|n|_|k|l|ɛ|n|z|_|ə|n|_|k|l|iː|n}}

Doctrine, turpentine, marine.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|ɒ|k|t|r|ɪ|n|_|ˈ|t|ɜːr|p|ən|t|aɪ|n|_|m|ə|ˈ|r|iː|n}}

Compare alien with Italian,
{{IPAc-en|k|ə|m|ˈ|p|ɛər|_|ˈ|eɪ|l|i|ə|n|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ɪ|ˈ|t|æ|l|i|ə|n}}

Dandelion with battalion,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|æ|n|d|ɪ|l|aɪ|ə|n|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|b|ə|ˈ|t|æ|l|i|ə|n}}

Sally with ally;alt. {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|l|aɪ}} yea, ye,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|æ|l|i|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ˈ|æ|l|aɪ|_|j|eɪ|_|j|iː}}

Eye, I, ay, aye, whey, key, quay!
{{IPAc-en|aɪ|_|aɪ|_|aɪ|_|aɪ|_|hw|eɪ|_|k|iː|_|k|iː}}

Say aver, but ever, fever,
{{IPAc-en|s|eɪ|_|ə|ˈ|v|ɜːr|_|b|ə|t|_|ˈ|ɛ|v|ər|_|ˈ|f|iː|v|ər}}

Neither, leisure,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|iː|ʒ|ər}} skein, receiver.
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|ð|ər|_|ˈ|l|ɛ|ʒ|ər|_|s|k|eɪ|n|_|r|ɪ|ˈ|s|iː|v|ər}}

Never guess—it is not safe;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɛ|v|ər|_|ɡ|ɛ|s|_|ɪ|t|_|ɪ|z|_|n|ɒ|t|_|s|eɪ|f}}

We say calves,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|k|æ|v|z}} valves, half,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|h|æ|f}} but Ralf!
{{IPAc-en|w|iː|_|s|eɪ|_|k|ɑː|v|z|_|v|æ|l|v|z|_|h|ɑː|f|_|b|ə|t|_|r|eɪ|f}}

Heron; granary,GenAm alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|r|eɪ|n|ər|i}} canary;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛr|ə|n|_|ˈ|ɡ|r|æ|n|ər|i|_|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɛər|i}}

Crevice, and device, and eyrie;alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪər|i|,_|ˈ|aɪər|i}}
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|ɛ|v|ɪ|s|_|ə|n|_|d|ɪ|ˈ|v|aɪ|s|_|ə|n|d|_|ˈ|ɛər|i}}

Face but preface, but efface,
{{IPAc-en|f|eɪ|s|_|b|ə|t|_|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|f|ə|s|_|b|ə|t|_|ɪ|ˈ|f|eɪ|s}}

Phlegm, phlegmatic; ass, glass,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ɡ|l|æ|s}} bass;
{{IPAc-en|f|l|ɛ|m|_|f|l|ɛ|ɡ|ˈ|m|æ|t|ɪ|k|_|æ|s|_|ɡ|l|ɑː|s|_|b|eɪ|s}}

Large, but target, gin, give, verging;
{{IPAc-en|l|ɑːr|dʒ|_|b|ə|t|_|ˈ|t|ɑːr|ɡ|ɪ|t|_|dʒ|ɪ|n|_|ɡ|ɪ|v|_|ˈ|v|ɜːr|dʒ|ɪ|ŋ}}

Ought, out, joust and scour, but scourging;
{{IPAc-en|ɔː|t|_|aʊ|t|_|dʒ|aʊ|s|t|_|ə|n|_|s|k|aʊər|_|b|ə|t|_|ˈ|s|k|ɜːr|dʒ|ɪ|ŋ}}

Ear, but earn; and wear and tear
{{IPAc-en|ɪər|_|b|ə|t|_|ɜːr|n|_|ə|n|_|w|ɛər|_|ə|n|_|t|ɛər}}

Do not rime with "here", but "ere".
{{IPAc-en|d|uː|_|n|ɒ|t|_|r|aɪ|m|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|h|ɪər|_|b|ə|t|_|ɛər}}

Seven is right, but so is even;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|v|ən|_|ɪ|z|_|r|aɪ|t|_|b|ə|t|_|s|oʊ|_|ɪ|z|_|ˈ|iː|v|ən}}

Hyphen, roughen, nephew,alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɛ|f|j|uː}} Stephen;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|f|ən|_|ˈ|r|ʌ|f|ən|_|ˈ|n|ɛ|v|j|uː|_|ˈ|s|t|iː|v|ən}}

Monkey, donkey; clerkGenAm: {{IPAc-en|k|l|ɜːr|k}} and jerk;
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|ŋ|k|i|_|ˈ|d|ɒ|ŋ|k|i|_|k|l|ɑːr|k|_|ə|n|_|dʒ|ɜːr|k}}

Asp, grasp,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ɡ|r|æ|s|p}} wasp; and cork and work.
{{IPAc-en|æ|s|p|_|ɡ|r|ɑː|s|p|_|w|ɒ|s|p|_|ə|n|_|k|ɔːr|k|_|ə|n|_|w|ɜːr|k}}

Pronunciation—think of psyche!—
{{IPAc-en|p|r|ə|ˌ|n|ʌ|n|s|i|ˈ|eɪ|ʃ|ən|_|θ|ɪ|ŋ|k|_|ə|v|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|k|i}}

Is a paling, stout and spikey;
{{IPAc-en|ɪ|z|_|ə|_|ˈ|p|eɪ|l|ɪ|ŋ|_|s|t|aʊ|t|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|s|p|aɪ|k|i}}

Won't it make you lose your wits,
{{IPAc-en|w|oʊ|n|t|_|ɪ|t|_|m|eɪ|k|_|j|uː|_|l|uː|z|_|j|ʊər|_|w|ɪ|t|s}}

Writing "groats" and saying groats?alt. {{IPAc-en|ɡ|r|oʊ|t|s}}
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|aɪ|t|ɪ|ŋ|_|ɡ|r|oʊ|t|s|_|ə|n|_|ˈ|s|eɪ|ɪ|ŋ|_|ɡ|r|ɪ|t|s}}

It's a dark abyss or tunnel,
{{IPAc-en|ɪ|t|s|_|ə|_|d|ɑːr|k|_|ə|ˈ|b|ɪ|s|_|ɔːr|_|ˈ|t|ʌ|n|əl}}

Strewn with stones, like rowlock, gunwale,
{{IPAc-en|s|t|r|uː|n|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|s|t|oʊ|n|z|_|l|aɪ|k|_|ˈ|r|ɒ|l|ə|k|_|ˈ|ɡ|ʌ|n|əl}}

Islington and Isle of Wight,
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|z|l|ɪ|ŋ|t|ən|_|ə|n|_|aɪ|l|_|ə|v|_|w|aɪ|t}}

Housewife, verdict and indict!
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ʌ|z|ɪ|f|_|ˈ|v|ɜːr|d|ɪ|k|t|_|ə|n|_|ɪ|n|ˈ|d|aɪ|t}}

Don't you think so, reader, rather,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|æ|ð|ər}}
{{IPAc-en|d|oʊ|n|t|_|j|uː|_|θ|ɪ|ŋ|k|_|s|oʊ|_|ˈ|r|iː|d|ər|_|ˈ|r|ɑː|ð|ər}}

Saying lather,alt. {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|ð|ər}} bather, father?
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|eɪ|ɪ|ŋ|_|ˈ|l|ɑː|ð|ər|_|ˈ|b|eɪ|ð|ər|_|ˈ|f|ɑː|ð|ər}}

Finally: which rimes with "enough,"
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|aɪ|n|əl|i|_|hw|ɪ|tʃ|_|r|aɪ|m|z|_|w|ɪ|ð|_|ɪ|ˈ|n|ʌ|f}}

Though, through, plough, cough,GenAm: {{IPAc-en|k|ɔː|f}} hough, or tough?
{{IPAc-en|ð|oʊ|_|θ|r|uː|_|p|l|aʊ|_|k|ɒ|f|_|h|ɒ|k|_|ɔːr|_|t|ʌ|f}}

Hiccough has the sound of "cup"......
{{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɪ|k|ʌ|p|_|h|ə|z|_|ð|ə|_|s|aʊ|n|d|_|ə|v|_|k|ʌ|p}}

My advice is—give it up!
{{IPAc-en|m|aɪ|_|ə|d|ˈ|v|aɪ|s|_|ɪ|z|_|ɡ|ɪ|v|_|ɪ|t|_|ʌ|p}}

*) No, you are wrong.GenAm: {{IPAc-en|r|ɔː|ŋ}} This is the plural of "doe".
{{IPAc-en|n|oʊ|_|j|uː|_|ɑːr|_|r|ɒ|ŋ|_|ð|ɪ|s|_|ɪ|z|_|ð|ə|_|ˈ|p|l|ʊər|ə|l|_|ə|v|_|d|oʊ}}

{{reflist|15em}}

{{quote frame|width=unset; display: block !important|That this is absurd does not prevent its happening.|source=J. C. Wells, Accents of English (1982), p. 106}}