vigil

{{Main|Vigil (liturgy)}}

A vigil may be held on the eve of a major religious festival (feast days), observed by remaining awake—"watchful"—as a devotional exercise or ritual observance on the eve of a holy day.{{Catholic Encyclopedia|no-icon=1|prescript=|wstitle=Eve of a Feast}} Such liturgical vigils usually consist of psalms, prayers and hymns, possibly a sermon or readings from the Holy Fathers, and sometimes periods of silent meditation.

The term "morning" means that the observance begins on the evening before. In traditional Christianity, the celebration of liturgical feasts begins on the evening before the holy day because the Early Church continued the Jewish practice of beginning the day at sunset rather than midnight.

Most likely the best known vigil is the Easter Vigil held at night between Holy Saturday and Easter Sunday. The Midnight Mass held on Christmas Eve is a remnant of this practice. Christmas Eve is a time of reflection for Christians all over the world.

Vigils are also commonly observed on Holy Days in the Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican, and Methodist Churches.[http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=2072519&ct=6763853 UMC.org] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021102317/http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=2072519&ct=6763853 |date=October 21, 2009 }} In the Eastern Orthodox Church an All-Night Vigil (consisting of Great Vespers, Matins and the First Hour) is held on the eves of Sundays and all Major Feast Days (such as the Twelve Great Feasts and the Feast Days of important Saints) during the liturgical year. In the Methodist tradition, Watchnight Vigil services are celebrated on New Year's Eve.{{cite web |title=Watch Night/New Year's Eve Resources |url=https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/watch-nightnew-years-eve-resources |publisher=Discipleship Ministries |access-date=30 December 2020 |language=English |date=2020}}

{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2017}}

{{Main|Wake (ceremony)|Christian burial}}

File:Vigilcandle3.jpg

When a Jew dies, a watch is kept over the body and Tehillim are recited constantly, until the burial service.

In Christianity, especially the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic traditions, a vigil is often held when someone is gravely ill or mourning. Prayers are said and votives are often made. Vigils extend from eventual death to burial, ritualistically to pray for a loved one, but more so their body is never left alone.

{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2017}}

During the Middle Ages, a squire on the night before his knighting ceremony was expected to take a cleansing bath, fast, make confession, and then hold an all-night vigil of prayer in the chapel, preparing himself in this manner for life as a knight. For the knighting ceremony, he dressed in white as a symbol for purity, and over that was placed a red robe to show his readiness to be wounded, over which a black robe was placed as a symbol of his willingness to die for his king.

{{Globalize|1=section|2=United States|date=September 2023}}

In some countries, including the United States and Australia, vigils are held in public spaces as a form of peaceful protest or public mourning. Examples include the numerous public vigils during the protests against police violence{{Cite web|title='Power to the People – All of Us:' Floyd's Brother Appeals for Peace at Emotional NYC Vigil|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/george-floyds-brother-to-hold-brooklyn-vigil-after-week-of-nyc-protests-tense-nypd-confrontations/2446377/|access-date=2020-06-05|website=NBC New York}}{{Cite web|last=Steinberg|first=Jake|title=Tucson candlelight vigil for George Floyd draws hundreds|url=https://www.azpm.org/p/home-articles-news/2020/6/2/174072-tucson-candlelight-vigil-for-george-floyd-draws-hundreds/|access-date=2020-06-05|website=www.azpm.org}} and war as well as public vigils for victims of mass shootings, which can occur as a remembrance or commemoration of a death or traumatic event.{{Cite web|title=Vigils to Mark 7 Years Since Sandy Hook Shooting|url=https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/church-services-vigils-to-mark-7th-anniversary-of-sandy-hook-shooting/2195019/|access-date=2020-06-05|website=NBC Connecticut}}{{Cite web |last=Stein |first=Hadley L. |date=2021-09-30 |title=Australian Women Protest Conscription During Vietnam War [Save Our Sons (SOS)], 1965-1972 |url=https://commonslibrary.org/australian-women-protest-conscription-during-vietnam-war-save-our-sons-sos-1965-1972/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=The Commons Socail Change Library |language=en-AU}}{{Cite web |last=Engler |first=Mark |last2=Engler |first2=Paul |date=2024-08-19 |title=How to Make Sure Your Disruptive Protest Helps Your Cause |url=https://commonslibrary.org/how-to-make-sure-your-disruptive-protest-helps-your-cause/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}} These vigils typically begin with an announcement or speech, and can be silent or include chanting, song, or prayer. Public vigils in the United States are not necessarily religious in scope or tone and are often completely secular, but can be religious depending on the group or individuals organizing the vigil.{{Cite journal|last=Sabak|first=James G.|date=December 2017|title="Keeping Vigil" and the Response of a Believer to Grief and Suffering|journal=Horizons|volume=44|issue=2|pages=342–368|doi=10.1017/hor.2017.114|issn=0360-9669|doi-access=free}}{{Cite book|last1=Daniels|first1=Nazreen S. Bacchus, Alisa M. Perkins, Timothy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-zDwAAQBAJ&q=secular+vigils&pg=PA35|title=American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 36-4: Fall 2019|last2=Anchassi|first2=Tammy Gaber, Vernon James Schubel, Omar|last3=Saeidi|first3=Andre Gingrich, Bruce B. Lawrence, Shirin|last4=Abdelgawwad|first4=Madiha Patel, Pim Valkenberg, Ossama A. S.|last5=Avivi|first5=Tauseef Ahmad Parray, Owais Manzoor Dar, Yamil|date=2019-10-01|publisher=International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT)}}

• All-night vigil
• Candlelight vigil
• Christian burial
• Pannikhida
• Vigil (liturgy)
• Wake

{{Commons category|Vigils}}

{{Reflist}}

Category:Catholic liturgy

Category:Mass (liturgy)

Category:Christian prayer

Category:Christian terminology