voiced alveolar click

{{Short description|Consonantal sound}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above={{nowrap|Voiced alveolar velar click}}

|ipa symbol=ɡ͡ǃ   ɡ͡ʗ

|ipa symbol2=ᶢǃ   ᶢʗ

|ipa symbol3=ǃ̬   ǃ᪶  ʗ̬

}}

{{Infobox IPA

|above={{nowrap|Voiced alveolar uvular click}}

|ipa symbol=ɢ͡ǃ   ɢ͡ʗ

|ipa symbol2=𐞒ǃ   𐞒ʗ

}}

{{main|Alveolar click}}

The voiced (post)alveolar click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a voiced alveolar click with a velar rear articulation is {{angbr IPA|ɡ͡ǃ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɡ͜ǃ}}, commonly abbreviated to {{angbr IPA|ɡǃ}}, {{angbr IPA|ᶢǃ}} or {{angbr IPA|ǃ̬}}; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is {{angbr IPA|ɡ͡ʗ}} or {{angbr IPA|ɡ͜ʗ}}, abbreviated {{angbr IPA|ɡʗ}}, {{angbr IPA|ᶢʗ}} or {{angbr IPA|ʗ̬}}. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are {{angbr IPA|ɢ͡ǃ, ɢ͜ǃ, ɢǃ, 𐞒ǃ}} and {{angbr IPA|ɢ͡ʗ, ɢ͜ʗ, ɢʗ, 𐞒ʗ}}.

Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. {{angbr IPA|ǃɡ}} or {{angbr IPA|ǃᶢ}}; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WD8aAQAAIAAJ |title=Afrika und Übersee |date=2005 |publisher=D. Reimer |pages=93–94 |language=en}}

In languages which use the Bantu letters for clicks, this is most commonly written {{angbr|gq}}, but it is written {{angbr|dq}} in those languages that use {{angbr|g}} for the uvular fricative.

Features

Features of the voiced (post)alveolar click:

{{lingual airstream}}

{{alveolar}}

{{voiced}}

{{oral}}

{{central articulation}}

Occurrence

Voiced alveolar clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages.{{Cite journal |last=Bradfield |first=Julian |date=May 2014 |title=Clicks, concurrency and Khoisan* |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/phonology/article/abs/clicks-concurrency-and-khoisan/0D57F5AE8BC655A8F2AC3F69CAB8AABE |journal=Phonology |language=en |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–49 |doi=10.1017/S0952675714000025 |issn=0952-6757|hdl=20.500.11820/63d01bc8-a4db-4cda-a4b4-0ca84d088522 |s2cid=14896878 |hdl-access=free }}

class="wikitable"

! Language

! Word

! IPA

! Meaning

Naro

| dqòma tcg'òó

|align=center| {{IPA|[ɡ͜ǃòmā k͜ǂqχʼǒː]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[ᶢʗòmā ᵏ𝼋χʼǒː]}}

| (place name)

Sandawe

| gqakina

|align=center| {{IPA|[ɡ͜ǃàkʰíná]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[ᶢʗàkʰíná]}}

| 'to carry hidden'

Yeyi

| kaawa

|align=center| {{IPA|[kaɡ͜ǃawa]}} {{=}} {{IPA|[kaᶢʗawa]}}

| 'calabash'

References