voiceless alveolar nasal

{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨n̥⟩ in IPA}}

{{Infobox IPA

|ipa symbol=n̥

|ipa number=116+402A

|x-sampa=n_0

|imagefile=Doulos SIL — n̥.svg

|imagesize=150px

}}

The voiceless alveolar nasal is a type of consonant in some languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent the sound are {{angbr IPA|n̥}} and {{angbr IPA|n̊}}, combinations of the letter for the voiced alveolar nasal and a diacritic indicating voicelessness above or below the letter. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n_0.

Features

150px

Features of the voiceless alveolar nasal:

There are four specific variants of {{IPA|[n̥]}}:
Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.

Occurrence

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \|Aleut \|{{lang\|ale\|uhngix}} \|{{IPA\|[un̥ɣix]}} \|'older sister (of a male)' \|Voiced approximants and nasals may be partly devoiced in contact with a voiceless consonant and at the end of a word.
colspan="2" \|Alutiiq \|{{lang\|ems\|pat'shnarluni}} \|{{IPA\|[pat.sn̥aχluni]}} \|'(weather) is cold' \|Contrasts with voiced /m/.
colspan="2" \| Burmese{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=111}}	{{lang\|my\|နှစ်}}/{{transl\|my\|hnac}}	{{IPA\|[n̥ɪʔ]}}	'two'
colspan="2" \| Central Alaskan Yup'ik{{sfnp\|Jacobson\|1995\|p=3}}	{{lang\|esu\|ceńa}}	{{IPA\|[t͡səˈn̥a]}}	'edge'
rowspan="3" \|English \| rowspan="2" \|RP \|chutney \|{{IPA\|[t̠ʃˈʌt͡n̥ːɪ]}} \|chutney \| rowspan="2" \|{{Cite book \|last=Wells \|first=John C. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3-ElL71fikC \|title=Accents of English 2: The British Isles \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|year=1982 \|isbn=0-521-24224-X \|location=Cambridge \|page=282 \|author-link=John C. Wells}}
cotton \|{{IPA\|[kˈɒtn̥ˈ]}} \|cotton
Some dialects \|knee \|{{IPA\|[n̥iː]}} \|knee \|Occurs in several dialects. Maybe same as /n/ instead.
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}}	{{lang\|et\|lasn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈlɑsn̥]}}	'wooden peel'	Word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/n/}} after {{IPA\|/t, s, h/}}.{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}} See Estonian phonology
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬆𖬰𖬩}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|hnub}}	{{IPA\|[n̥u˥]}}	'day'	Contrasts with voiced {{IPA\|/n/}}. In Green Mong, it has merged with /n/.{{sfnp\|Ratliff\|2003\|p=24}}
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}}	{{lang\|is\|hnífur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈn̥iːvʏr̥]}}	'knife'	See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Jalapa Mazatec{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=107}}	{{lang\|maj\|hne}}	{{IPA\|[n̥ɛ]}}	'falls'	Contrasts with a voiced and a laryngealized alveolar nasal.
colspan="2" \|Northern Sámi \|váhnen \|[ˈvaːn̥en] \|'parent' \|
colspan="2" \| Kildin Sami{{sfnp\|Kuruch\|1985\|p=529}}	{{lang\|sjd\|чоӊтэ}}/{{transl\|sjd\|čohnte}}	{{IPA\|[t͡ʃɔn̥te]}}	'to turn'
colspan="2" \| Polish	{{lang\|pl\|kupn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkupn̥]}}	'purchase, acqusition' (genitive plural)	Word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/n/}} after voiceless consonants. See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \| Welsh{{sfnp\|Jones\|1984\|p=51}}	{{lang\|cy\|fy nhad}}	{{IPA\|[və n̥aːd]}}	'my father'	Occurs as the nasal mutation of {{IPA\|/t/}}. See Welsh phonology
rowspan="2" \| Xumi	Lower{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[n̥ɑ̃˦]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'fur, animal hair'	rowspan="2" \| Contrasts with the voiced {{IPA\|/n/}}.{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}
Upper{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}	colspan="2" align="center \| {{IPA\|[n̥ɔ̃˦]}}

Notes

References

{{Citation

|last=Árnason

|first=Kristján

|year=2011

|title=The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese

|publisher=Oxford University Press

|isbn=978-0199229314

}}

{{citation

|last1=Asu

|first1=Eva Liina

|last2=Teras

|first2=Pire

|year=2009

|title=Estonian

|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume=39

|issue=3

|pages=367–372

|doi=10.1017/s002510030999017x

|doi-access=free

}}

{{citation

|last1 = Chirkova

|first1 = Katia

|last2 = Chen

|first2 = Yiya

|year = 2013

|title = Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River

|journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume = 43

|issue = 3

|pages = 363–379

|url = http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/published/KC2013Xumi1.pdf

|doi = 10.1017/S0025100313000157

|doi-access= free

}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{citation

|last1 = Chirkova

|first1 = Katia

|last2 = Chen

|first2 = Yiya

|last3 = Kocjančič Antolík

|first3 = Tanja

|year = 2013

|title = Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River

|journal = Journal of the International Phonetic Association

|volume = 43

|issue = 3

|pages = 381–396

|url = http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/published/KC2013Xumi2.pdf

|doi = 10.1017/S0025100313000169

|doi-access= free

}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Citation

|last=Jacobson

|first=Steven

|year=1995

|title=A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language

|location=Fairbanks

|publisher=Alaska Native Language Center

|isbn=978-1-55500-050-9

}}

{{Citation

|last=Jones

|first=Glyn E.

|year=1984

|title=Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings

|chapter=The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh

|editor=Martin J. Ball and Glyn E. Jones

|location=Cardiff

|publisher=University of Wales Press

|pages=40–64

|isbn=0-7083-0861-9

}}

{{Citation

|last=Kuruch

|first=Rimma

|script-title=ru:Краткий грамматический очерк саамского языка

|year=1985

|place=Moscow

|language=Russian

|url=http://saamruss.narod.ru/grammatika_saamskogo_jazyka_ver_1_0.pdf

}}

{{SOWL}}
{{cite book |year=2003 |editor-last1=Bradley |editor-first1=David |editor-last2=LaPolla |editor-first2=Randy |editor-last3=Michialovsky |editor-first3=Boyd |editor-last4=Thurgood |editor-first4=Graham |publisher=Australian National University |title=Language variation: Papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff |last=Ratliff |first=Martha |editor-link1=David Bradley (linguist) |editor-link2=Randy LaPolla |editor-link4=Graham Thurgood |author-link=Martha Ratliff |chapter=Hmong secret languages: themes and variations |pages=21–34 |isbn=0-85883-540-1 |doi=10.15144/PL-555.21 |doi-access=free |hdl=1885/146727}}

External links

{{phoible|n̥}}

Category:Alveolar consonants

Category:Dental consonants

Category:Postalveolar consonants

Category:Nasal consonants

Category:Pulmonic consonants

Category:Voiceless consonants

class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" \| Language !! Word !! IPA!! Meaning !! Notes
colspan="2" \|Aleut \|{{lang\|ale\|uhngix}} \|{{IPA\|[un̥ɣix]}} \|'older sister (of a male)' \|Voiced approximants and nasals may be partly devoiced in contact with a voiceless consonant and at the end of a word.
colspan="2" \|Alutiiq \|{{lang\|ems\|pat'shnarluni}} \|{{IPA\|[pat.sn̥aχluni]}} \|'(weather) is cold' \|Contrasts with voiced /m/.
colspan="2" \| Burmese{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=111}}	{{lang\|my\|နှစ်}}/{{transl\|my\|hnac}}	{{IPA\|[n̥ɪʔ]}}	'two'
colspan="2" \| Central Alaskan Yup'ik{{sfnp\|Jacobson\|1995\|p=3}}	{{lang\|esu\|ceńa}}	{{IPA\|[t͡səˈn̥a]}}	'edge'
rowspan="3" \|English \| rowspan="2" \|RP \|chutney \|{{IPA\|[t̠ʃˈʌt͡n̥ːɪ]}} \|chutney \| rowspan="2" \|{{Cite book \|last=Wells \|first=John C. \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3-ElL71fikC \|title=Accents of English 2: The British Isles \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|year=1982 \|isbn=0-521-24224-X \|location=Cambridge \|page=282 \|author-link=John C. Wells}}
cotton \|{{IPA\|[kˈɒtn̥ˈ]}} \|cotton
Some dialects \|knee \|{{IPA\|[n̥iː]}} \|knee \|Occurs in several dialects. Maybe same as /n/ instead.
colspan="2" \| Estonian{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}}	{{lang\|et\|lasn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈlɑsn̥]}}	'wooden peel'	Word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/n/}} after {{IPA\|/t, s, h/}}.{{sfnp\|Asu\|Teras\|2009\|p=368}} See Estonian phonology
Hmong \| White Hmong	{{script\|Hmng\|𖬆𖬰𖬩}} / {{lang\|hmv-Latn\|hnub}}	{{IPA\|[n̥u˥]}}	'day'	Contrasts with voiced {{IPA\|/n/}}. In Green Mong, it has merged with /n/.{{sfnp\|Ratliff\|2003\|p=24}}
colspan="2" \| Icelandic{{sfnp\|Árnason\|2011\|p=115}}	{{lang\|is\|hnífur}}	{{IPA\|[ˈn̥iːvʏr̥]}}	'knife'	See Icelandic phonology
colspan="2" \| Jalapa Mazatec{{sfnp\|Ladefoged\|Maddieson\|1996\|p=107}}	{{lang\|maj\|hne}}	{{IPA\|[n̥ɛ]}}	'falls'	Contrasts with a voiced and a laryngealized alveolar nasal.
colspan="2" \|Northern Sámi \|váhnen \|[ˈvaːn̥en] \|'parent' \|
colspan="2" \| Kildin Sami{{sfnp\|Kuruch\|1985\|p=529}}	{{lang\|sjd\|чоӊтэ}}/{{transl\|sjd\|čohnte}}	{{IPA\|[t͡ʃɔn̥te]}}	'to turn'
colspan="2" \| Polish	{{lang\|pl\|kupn}}	{{IPA\|[ˈkupn̥]}}	'purchase, acqusition' (genitive plural)	Word-final allophone of {{IPA\|/n/}} after voiceless consonants. See Polish phonology
colspan="2" \| Welsh{{sfnp\|Jones\|1984\|p=51}}	{{lang\|cy\|fy nhad}}	{{IPA\|[və n̥aːd]}}	'my father'	Occurs as the nasal mutation of {{IPA\|/t/}}. See Welsh phonology
rowspan="2" \| Xumi	Lower{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}	colspan="2" align="center" \| {{IPA\|[n̥ɑ̃˦]}}	rowspan="2" \| 'fur, animal hair'	rowspan="2" \| Contrasts with the voiced {{IPA\|/n/}}.{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|2013\|pp=365, 367}}{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}
Upper{{sfnp\|Chirkova\|Chen\|Kocjančič Antolík\|2013\|pp=382–383}}	colspan="2" align="center \| {{IPA\|[n̥ɔ̃˦]}}