voiceless retroflex implosive
{{Short description|Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ᶑ̥⟩ or ⟨𝼉⟩ in IPA}}
{{Infobox IPA
| above = Voiceless retroflex implosive
| ipa symbol = ᶑ̥
| ipa symbol2 = 𝼉
| imagefile = IPA Unicode 1xDF09.svg
| imagesize = 150px
}}
The voiceless retroflex implosive is an extremely rare consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. There is no official symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound, but {{angbr IPA|ᶑ̊}} or {{angbr IPA|ʈʼ↓}} may be used, or the old convention {{angbr IPA|𝼉}}.
Features
Features of the voiceless retroflex implosive:
{{plosive}}
{{retroflex}}
{{voiceless short}}
{{oral}}
{{central articulation}}
{{voiceless implosive}}
Occurrence
A rare and evidently unstable sound, {{IPA|[ᶑ̥]}} has been described in Oromo of Ethiopia,Dissassa (1980) [http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2097/13199/LD2668R41980D57.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Some aspects of Oromo phonology], p. 10–11 and Ngiti of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.{{cite thesis |last=Kutsch Lojenga |first=Constance |year=1994 |title=Ngiti: a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire |type=PhD |location=Köln |publisher=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag |page=31}}
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Language !Word !IPA !Meaning !Notes |
| colspan="2" |Oromo
|haadha |{{IPA|[hɑːᶑ̥ɐ]}} |'mother' |{{IPA|[ᶑ̥]}} is mostly likely voiced {{IPA|[ᶑ]}}, and may weaken into {{IPA|/ɽ/}} in intervocalic positions.{{harvp|Lloret|1997|page=500}} See Oromo language. |
| colspan="2" |Ngiti{{cite thesis |last=Kutsch Lojenga |first=Constance |year=1994 |title=Ngiti: a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire |type=PhD |location=Köln |publisher=Rüdiger Köppe Verlag}}
|{{Example needed|date=July 2023}} | | |Contrasts /ɓ ᶑ ʄ ɓ̥ ᶑ̥ ʄ̥/. |
References
{{Reflist}}
=Works cited=
- {{cite book |last1=Lloret |first1=Maria-Rosa |title=Phonologies of Asia and Africa |year=1997 |publisher=Alan S. Kaye |isbn=978-1575060194 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q0hwAAAAIAAJ}}
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