zouk
{{Short description|French Antillean music genre}}
{{Other uses|Zouk (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Zouk
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|Cadence rampa|compas|cadence-lypso|bélé|biguine|gwo ka}}
| cultural_origins = Early 1980s, French Antilles (esp. Guadeloupe and Martinique)
| instruments = {{hlist|Gwo ka|tibwa||shak shak|brass|synthesizer|guitar|bass guitar|drum machine}}
| derivatives = Zouk-love, Kizomba
| fusiongenres =
| regional_scenes = {{hlist|French West Indies|Dominica|Haiti|Central Africa|Brazil|Colombia|France}}
}}
Zouk is a musical movement and dance pioneered by the French Antillean band Kassav' in the early 1980s. It was originally characterized by a fast tempo (120–145 bpm), a percussion-driven rhythm, and a loud horn section.{{cite book |last1=Torres |first1=George |title=Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music |date=2013 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-08794-3 |page=453 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MX5BXxjwV9cC&pg=PA453}} Musicians from Martinique and Guadeloupe eventually added MIDI instrumentation to their compas style, which developed into a genre called zouk-love.{{cite book |last1=Occo |first1=Jean-Claude |title=The Codification of Zouk |date=2019 |isbn=978-2-9567965-2-7 |page=10 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P729DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10}}{{cite book |last1=Ellingham |first1=Mark |title=The Rough Guide to World Music |date=1999 |isbn=978-1-85828-636-5 |page=299 |publisher=Rough Guides |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzX8THIgRjUC&pg=PA299}} Zouk-love is effectively the French Lesser Antilles' compas,Popular Musics of the Non Western World. Peter Manuel, New York Oxford University Press, 1988, p74 and it gradually became indistinguishable from compas.
Zouk béton
The original fast carnival style of zouk, best represented by the band Kassav', became known as "zouk béton", "zouk chiré", or "zouk hard".{{cite book |last1=Guilbault |first1=Jocelyne |last2=Averill |first2=Gage |last3=Benoit |first3=Edouard |last4=Rabess |first4=Gregory |title=Zouk: World Music in the West Indies |date=1993 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-31042-8 |page=135 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Se0ozsSexmEC&pg=PR12}} Zouk béton is considered a synthesis of various French Antillean dance music styles of the 20th century, including kadans, konpa, and biguine.{{cite book |last1=Manuel |first1=Peter |last2=Bilby |first2=Kenneth |last3=Largey |first3=Michael |title=Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae |date=2012 |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-59213-464-9 |page=173 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7NIe_I298MC&pg=PA173}}