:381 series
{{short description|Japanese train type}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox train
| background = #000000
| name = 381 series
| image = JRW 381 Kounotori 20130105.jpg
| imagealt = 381 series image
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = A 381 series on a Kounotori service in January 2013
| stocktype =
| service = 1973–June 2024 (regular service)
| manufacturer = Hitachi, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo
| factory =
| family =
| replaced = 183 series
| yearconstruction = 1973–1982
| yearservice = 1973
| refurbishment = 1997–2011 (JR West)
| yearscrapped =
| numberconstruction =
| numberbuilt = 277 vehicles
| numberservice = None
| numberpreserved = 2 vehicles
| numberscrapped = 140 vehicles
| successor = 383 series, 287 series, 289 series, 273 series
| formation = 3/4/6/7/9 cars per trainset
| fleetnumbers =
| capacity =
| operator = JNR (1973–1987)
JR Central (1987–2008)
JR West (1987–2024)
| depots = Hineno, Goto, Fukuchiyama
| lines = Various
| carbody = Aluminium alloy
| trainlength =
| carlength = {{Convert|21300|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = {{Convert|2920|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{Convert|3383|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| floorheight =
| platformheight =
| entrylevelorstep =
| doors =
| maxspeed = {{Convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}
| weight =
| acceleration =
| deceleration =
| traction = Resistor control
| poweroutput =
| transmission =
| aux =
| powersupply =
| hvac =
| electricsystem = 1,500 V DC overhead lines
| collectionmethod = Pantograph
| bogies =
| brakes =
| safety =
| coupling =
| multipleworking =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}
The {{Nihongo|381 series|381系|381-kei}} was a tilting DC electric multiple unit (EMU) train type introduced in 1973 by Japanese National Railways (JNR), and operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West), and Central Japan Railway Company (JR Central) in Japan.{{cite book |script-title=ja: JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 |trans-title= JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009|publisher = Neko Publishing |date = 2009 |location = Japan |language = ja |isbn = 978-4-7770-0836-0|title= Jēāru zensharyō handobukku: Rail Magazine 2009}}
History
File:JNR 381 shinano yamazaki.jpg service, 1983]]
The 381 series EMU was developed from the experimental 591 series 3-car articulated tilting EMU tested from 1970.{{cite book |title=プロトタイプの世界 – Prototype World |date=December 2005 |publisher=Kōtsū Shimbunsha |location=Japan |pages=12–19 |oclc=170056962}}
Trainsets entered revenue service from 10 July 1973 on the Shinano limited express between Nagoya and Nagano.
JR-West 381 series trains were removed from Kuroshio, Kounotori, Kinosaki, and Hashidate limited express services in October 2015, with the last services operating on 30 October.
As the new 273 series sets began service from 6 April 2024, it was announced by JR West in December 2023 that the remaining 381 series sets were scheduled to be retired from June 2024.{{Cite web |date=16 December 2023 |title=381系「リバイバル塗装車両」6月までに運転を終了 |trans-title=Remaining 381 series to be retired by June 2024 |url=https://railf.jp/news/2023/12/16/050300.html |access-date=19 December 2023 |website=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |language=ja}} The next sets to be retired were those repainted in various historic liveries; the sets sporting the Yuttari Yakumo livery were scheduled for retirement at a later date.{{Cite web |date=15 December 2023 |title=381 系特急やくも「リバイバル塗装車両」の今後の運行計画について |trans-title=Regarding the decommissioning of the 381 series limited express Yakumo sets featuring “revival liveries” |url=https://www.westjr.co.jp/press/article/items/231215_00_press_381yakumo.pdf |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=westjr.co.jp |language=ja}} The last regularly scheduled Yakumo run by this series took place on 15 June 2024 thus marking the end of regular service of the 381 series as a whole.{{cite web |date=15 June 2024 |title=「国鉄特急型電車」定期運用は終焉へ 381系約50年の生涯を振り返る! |trans-title=Regular service of the "Japanese National Railways Limited Express train" comes to an end - looking back at the 50-year life of the 381 series! |url=https://rail.hobidas.com/feature/500158/ |access-date=16 June 2024 |website=RM News |publisher=Neko Publishing |language=Japanese |location=Japan}}
Fleet
{{As of|2023|04|01}}, 62 vehicles were operated by JR-West.{{Cite web |title=JNR 381 series - The Red List of Trains in Japan |url=https://bateman.monologue.jp/en/articles/JR/jnr381.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=bateman.monologue.jp}}{{unreliable source|date=December 2023}}
Operations
=JR Central=
- Shinano (1973–May 2008)
=JR West=
- Kuroshio (from October 1978 until 30 October 2015{{cite web |url= http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20151020-OYT1T50154.html|script-title=ja: くろしお３８１系引退へ…パンダシートも見納め|trans-title= Kuroshio 381 series to be withdrawn – Also end of panda seats|date= 29 October 2015|work= Yomiuri Online|publisher= The Yomiuri Shimbun|location= Japan|language= ja|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024003614/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/20151020%2DOYT1T50154.html|archive-date=2015-10-24|url-status=dead|access-date= 29 October 2015}})
- Yakumo (from July 1982 until 15 June 2024)
- Kounotori (until 31 May 2011,{{cite web|url=http://www.westjr.co.jp/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2011/04/28/20110428_287.pdf |title=新型車両（287 系）追加投入の詳細 |trans-title=Details of further introduction of new (287 series) trains |date=28 April 2011 |work=JR-West news release |publisher=West Japan Railway Company |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927045955/http://www.westjr.co.jp/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2011/04/28/20110428_287.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=2 May 2011 |url-status=dead}} from 1 June 2012{{cite journal| title = JR西日本 381系福知山車ＦＥ編成が営業運転開始|trans-title= JR-West: Fukichiyama-based 381 series FE sets enter service| journal = Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine | volume = 41| issue = 340|page=75| date = August 2012}} until 30 October 2015{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2015/10/31/205000.html|script-title=ja: 381系が関西地区の定期運用から離脱|trans-title= 381 series removed from scheduled Kansai area services|date= 31 October 2015|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 1 November 2015}})
- Kinosaki (from 1 June 2012 until 30 October 2015)
- Hashidate (from 16 March 2013 until 30 October 2015)
- Hanwa Liner rapid service (until March 2011)
- Yamatoji Liner rapid service (until March 2011)
Livery variations
File:CentralJapanRailwayCompanyType381-1.jpg|JNR Livery (JR Central Shinano set), July 2006
File:Series381-501 Kuroshio.jpg|JR-West Kuroshio refurbished set
File:JR West kuro380 super kuroshio kyoto.jpg|381 series Super Kuroshio set, 1992
File:Super-kuroshio3.jpg|381 series Super Kuroshio KuRo 380 refurbished car
File:JRW 381 kantuu.jpg|JR-West Yakumo set, July 2007
File:JRW yakumo 381 super yakumo color.jpg|JR-West set in Super Yakumo livery, September 2007
File:Series381 Yakumo-17.jpg|JR-West set in Yuttari Yakumo livery, July 2023
Preserved examples
- KuHa 381-1: (built 1973 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries) SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya.{{cite journal| title = 「リニア・鉄道館」ファーストガイド|trans-title= "SCMaglev and Railway Park" First Guide| journal = Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine | volume = 40| issue = 324|pages=20–33| date = April 2011}}
- KuRo 381-11: (built 1974 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries) formerly at the SCMaglev and Railway Park, Nagoya, removed in June 2019.{{cite web |url= https://jr-central.co.jp/news/release/_pdf/000039557.pdf|script-title=ja:リニア・鉄道館 N700系車両の展示について|trans-title=N700 series shinkansen exhibit at SCMaglev and Railway Park|date= 17 May 2019|work= News release|publisher= Central Japan Railway Company|location= Japan|language= ja|access-date= 14 July 2019}}
- KuRo 381-1104: (built 1978 by Kawasaki Heavy Industries) Suita Depot, Osaka.
File:Kuha381-1.jpg|Preserved KuHa 381-1 at the SCMaglev and Railway Park, April 2011
File:Kuro 381 Electric Railcar.JPG|KuRo 381 at the SCMaglev and Railway Park, March 2016
File:クロ381-1104.jpg|KuRo 381-1104 in May 2019
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category}}
{{JNR EMU}}
{{JR Central EMU}}
{{JR-West rolling stock}}
Category:Electric multiple units of Japan
Category:Central Japan Railway Company
Category:Train-related introductions in 1973
Category:Hitachi multiple units
Category:Kawasaki multiple units