:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi

File:Hadi 2.jpg, around 1972.|221x221px]]

Hadi was born on 1 September 1945 in Thukain, Al Wade'a District, Abyan, a southern Yemeni governorate.{{cite news|title=Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi biography|url=http://www.yemenfox.net/news_details.php?sid=2166|access-date=14 April 2013|newspaper=Yemen Fox|date=23 February 2012|archive-date=7 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607033659/http://www.yemenfox.net/news_details.php?sid=2166|url-status=dead}} He graduated from a military academy in the Federation of South Arabia in 1966. In 1966, he graduated after receiving a military scholarship to study in Britain, but was not able to attend, as he did not speak English.

Hadi played a low-profile role during the Aden Emergency. Following the independence of South Yemen, he rose to prominence in the new military, reaching the rank of Major General.

In 1970, he received another military scholarship to study armoured warfare in Egypt. Hadi spent the following four years in the Soviet Union studying military leadership. He occupied several military posts in the army of South Yemen until 1986, when he fled to North Yemen with Ali Nasser Mohammed, president of South Yemen, after Ali Nasser's faction of the ruling Yemeni Socialist Party lost the 1986 civil war.

He remained loyal to President Ali Nasser Mohammed during the South Yemen Civil War, and followed him into exile in neighboring North Yemen. During the 1994 civil war in Yemen, Hadi sided with the Yemeni government of President Ali Abdullah Saleh and was appointed as Minister of Defense.{{cite news|title=Saleh's successor: low-profile warrior of consensus in Yemen|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/19/195733.html|access-date=14 April 2013|newspaper=Al Arabiya|date=19 February 2012|agency=AFP|location=Sanaa|archive-date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203022906/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/19/195733.html|url-status=live}} In this role he led the military campaign against the Democratic Republic of Yemen.{{cite news|date=26 October 2013|title=Yemen profile – President: Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704899|newspaper=BBC News|access-date=7 April 2015|archive-date=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331062534/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704899|url-status=live}} Following the war he was promoted to Vice-president on 3 October 1994, replacing Ali Salim Al-Beidh, who had resigned and fought against the government during the civil war.

{{Main|2012 Yemeni presidential election}}

Hadi was the sole candidate in the presidential election that was held on 21 February 2012. His candidacy was backed by the ruling party, as well as by the parliamentary opposition. The Electoral Commission reported that 65 percent of registered voters in Yemen voted during the election. Hadi won with 100% of the vote and took the oath of office in Yemen's parliament on 25 February 2012.{{cite news|first=Laura|last=Kasinof|title=Yemen's New President Sworn into Office|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/world/middleeast/abed-rabu-mansour-hadi-sworn-in-as-yemens-new-president.html?_r=1&ref=global-home|newspaper=The New York Times|date=25 February 2012|access-date=25 February 2012|archive-date=16 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816134312/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/26/world/middleeast/abed-rabu-mansour-hadi-sworn-in-as-yemens-new-president.html?_r=1&ref=global-home|url-status=live}} He was formally inaugurated as the President of Yemen on 27 February 2012, when Saleh resigned from the presidency and formally ceded power to Hadi.{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iqhKKOqo6XDujeTI_yaD4B0CcyVA?docId=CNG.12cc0199ecc6457c2d2a25874218f73d.691|title=AFP: Yemen's Saleh formally steps down after 33 years|date=27 February 2012|access-date=14 April 2013|archive-date=25 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525115035/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iqhKKOqo6XDujeTI_yaD4B0CcyVA?docId=CNG.12cc0199ecc6457c2d2a25874218f73d.691|url-status=dead}}

File:Secretary Clinton Meets With Yemeni President Hadi (8026623870).jpg meets Hadi in New York, 2012.]]

In March 2013 the National Dialogue Conference was conceived as a core part of the transition process and is intended to bring together Yemen's diverse political and demographic groups to address critical issues.{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/yemens-national-dialogue-behind-closed-doors|title=Yemen's National Dialogue Behind Closed Doors|date=17 June 2013|publisher=Atlanticcouncil.org|access-date=6 April 2015|archive-date=21 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221014245/http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/yemens-national-dialogue-behind-closed-doors|url-status=live}} In January 2014, Hadi pushed delegates at the conference to break a deadlock on key issues and bring the talks to an overdue close. When those in attendance finally agreed on a final few points, he launched into an impassioned speech that led to a spike in his popularity. It was agreed that Yemen would shift to a federal model of government in the future, a move which has been proposed and forcefully backed by Hadi.{{cite web|author=Peter Salisbury|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/video/asia/2014/03/yemen-quiet-president-201432112448542617.html|title=Yemen's quiet president|publisher=Aljazeera.com|access-date=6 April 2015|archive-date=4 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404194735/http://www.aljazeera.com/video/asia/2014/03/yemen-quiet-president-201432112448542617.html|url-status=live}} For many Yemenis, particularly in northwestern Yemen, this decentralization was less attractive. This mountainous region is the poorest of Yemen and decentralization would mean that it would receive less money from the central government. Relevant here is that the overwhelming majority of Yemen's population has resided in this area for many years.Blumi, Isa. Destroying Yemen: What Chaos in Arabia Tells Us About the World, p. 196. Indeed, the 'decentralization' of Yemen along the lines proposed by the Saudi-imposed Hadi regime threatened Yemen's long-term economic and political independence; scholar Isa Blumi points out that "To any rational observer, the idea of developing Yemen into six disproportionate regions with enormous autonomy was a blatant effort to benefit foreign interests and subdue the rebellious populations through poverty and administrative obscurity." Indeed, if the Saudi-American decentralization 'road map to peace' is implemented, Yemen's oil wealth would be confined almost entirely to the provinces of Hadhramawt and Saba', Yemen's two least populated provinces.Blumi, Isa. Destroying Yemen: What Chaos in Arabia Tells Us About the World, p. 197 Blumi goes on to point out that "This would make bribing the few thousands of eligible 'residents' with a tiny portion of the oil revenue (no longer flowing to the central state) easy, while creating an enormous windfall for those hoping to steal Yemen's wealth." They also didn't like that the new regional borders would rob them of access to the sea.File:Secretary Kerry and Yemeni President Hadi Address Reporters (Pic 2).jpg, 29 July 2013.]]

In a move to unify the Armed Forces of Yemen which suffered from split since the Yemeni Revolution, Hadi issued Presidential decree No.104 December 2012 reorganizing the Military into five main branches: Air Force, Army (Ground Force), Navy and Coastal Defense, Border Troops and Strategic Reserve Forces, which includes the Special Operation Command, the Missile Defense Command and the Presidential Protective Forces. The Strategic Reserve Forces replaces the Republican Guard.[Yemeni president orders new structure of armed forces. BBC Monitoring International Reports], 21 December 2012; accessed 6 April 2015.

{{See also|2012 Sanaʽa bombing}}

File:Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, left, escorts Yemen's President Abd Rabuh Mansur Hadi, right, through an honor cordon and into the Pentagon in Arlington, Va., on July 30, 2013 130730-D-NI589-024.jpg Hadi meets then-Secretary of Defense Hagel in the Pentagon on 30 July 2013.|left]]

From his early days in office, Hadi advocated fighting Al-Qaeda as an important goal. In a meeting with British Foreign Secretary, William Hague in Hadi said, "We intend to confront terrorism with full force and whatever the matter we will pursue it to the very last hiding place".{{cite web|last=Mukhashaf|first=Mohammed|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-idUSTRE8240YY20120305|title=Yemen president vows to pursue Qaeda-linked militants|date=5 March 2012|publisher=Reuters.com|access-date=6 April 2015|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307225151/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-idUSTRE8240YY20120305|url-status=live}}

The Yemeni military had suffered from sharp divisions since Major General Ali Mohsen Al-Ahmar defected in late March 2011 amid protests demanding the ouster of Hadi's predecessor, Ali Abdullah Saleh. The military protests extended to the Republican Guard based in the south of Sana'a when dozens from the Fourth Brigade closed down southern entrances to the capital city and demanded the firing of the brigade's commander, Mohammad Al-Arar, and his general staff.

In an interview in September 2012 given to The Washington Post, Hadi warned that his country, still reeling from the popular uprising that ousted Saleh, risked a descent into a civil war "worse than Afghanistan" should an upcoming months-long national dialogue fail to resolve the state's deep political and societal rifts. He also said that Yemen was facing "three undeclared wars" conducted by al Qaeda, pirates in the Gulf of Aden, and Houthi rebels in the north, and that Iran was supporting these adversaries indirectly without giving further details.{{cite web|last=Rothkopf|first=David|url=http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/09/29/yemens_president_warns_of_a_civil_war_worse_than_afghanistan|title=Yemen's president warns of a civil war 'worse than Afghanistan'|date=29 September 2012|publisher=Blog.foreignpolicy.com|access-date=6 April 2015|archive-date=23 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140923210717/http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/09/29/yemens_president_warns_of_a_civil_war_worse_than_afghanistan|url-status=dead}}

Houthis, on their side, complained of murder attacks on their delegates to the NDC.{{cite web|last=Saeed|first=Ali|url=http://www.yementimes.com/en/1749/news/3388/NDC-extends-Hadi%E2%80%99s-term-for-one-year-on-a-day-marked-by-an-assassination.htm|title=NDC extends Hadi's term for one year on a day marked by an assassination'|date=23 January 2014|publisher=yementimes.com|access-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110011236/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1749/news/3388/NDC-extends-Hadi%E2%80%99s-term-for-one-year-on-a-day-marked-by-an-assassination.htm|archive-date=10 January 2015|url-status=dead}}

In response to the murder of the Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi after visiting a Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Hadi said that the "cheap political and media targeting of Saudi Arabia will not deter it from continuing its leading role in the Arab and Islamic worlds."{{cite news |title=Middle East leaders back Saudi Arabia after Jamal Khashoggi's murder |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/jamal-khashoggi-what-arab-leaders-have-said-about-journalists-disappearance-736661559 |work=Middle East Eye |date=15 October 2018 |access-date=21 October 2018 |archive-date=18 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118193950/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/jamal-khashoggi-what-arab-leaders-have-said-about-journalists-disappearance-736661559 |url-status=live }}

File:Secretary Kerry Shakes Hands With Yemeni President Hadi Before Bilateral Meeting in Saudi Arabia (17212641020).jpg

Hadi was forced to agree to a power-sharing deal after the fall of Sana'a to the rebel umbrella organization Ansar Allah in September 2014. Also known as the Houthis, these revolutionaries refused to participate in the "unity government", although they continued to occupy key positions and buildings in Sana'a and hold territory throughout northern Yemen. Hadi was further humiliated when the General People's Congress ousted him as its leader and rejected his cabinet choices on 8 November 2014.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-president-idUSKBN0IS0CZ20141108|work=Reuters|title=Yemen's Houthis reject new power-sharing government|date=8 November 2014|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310135113/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-president-idUSKBN0IS0CZ20141108|url-status=live}} It is important to note that the Houthis' pretext for entering Sana'a and deposing Hadi was to reverse an apparent breach of the Hadi government's mandate by unilaterally declaring an extension of its power beyond the two-year intermediary period actually set by the GCC and the United States.Blumi, Isa. Destroying Yemen: What Chaos in Arabia Tells Us About the World, p. 198. They also accused the president of seeking to bypass a power-sharing deal signed when they seized Sana'a in September, and said they were working to protect state institutions from corrupt civil servants and officers trying to plunder state property.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-president/yemen-leader-expected-to-accept-demands-of-houthis-who-defeat-his-guards-idUSKBN0KU0OT20150121|title=Yemen leader expected to accept demands of Houthis who defeat his...|last=Bayoumy|first=Yara|work=U.S.|access-date=14 June 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615004737/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-president/yemen-leader-expected-to-accept-demands-of-houthis-who-defeat-his-guards-idUSKBN0KU0OT20150121|url-status=live}}File:The Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari meeting the President of Yemen, Mr. Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, on the sidelines of 20th Indian Ocean Rim Association Leaders’ Summit, in Jakarta, Indonesia on March 07, 2017.jpg and Hadi in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2017 ]]Three days after Hadi's resignation (21 January 2015), the Houthis took over the presidential palace.[http://www.yementimes.com/en/1863/news/4928/President-or-fugitive-Houthis-reject-Hadi%E2%80%99s-letter-to-Parliament.htm President Hadi's letter to Parliament] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224051459/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1863/news/4928/President-or-fugitive-Houthis-reject-Hadi%E2%80%99s-letter-to-Parliament.htm |date=24 December 2015 }}, yementimes.com; accessed 7 April 2015. Hadi and Prime Minister Khaled Bahah tendered their resignations to parliament which reportedly refused to accept them.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30936940|agency=BBC|title=Yemen crisis: President resigns as rebels tighten hold|date=22 January 2015|access-date=22 January 2015|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820035318/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30936940|url-status=live}} Then the Yemeni cabinet was dissolved.[http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/22/world/yemen-violence/index.html Yemen's cabinet is dissolved] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212012323/http://www.cnn.com/2015/01/22/world/yemen-violence/index.html |date=12 February 2015 }}, cnn.com; accessed 7 April 2015. Hadi and his former ministers remained under virtual house arrest after their resignations.{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/un-calls-for-yemen-president-hadi-s-reinstatement-1.1453472|agency=Gulfnews.com|title=UN calls for Yemen President Hadi's reinstatement|date=8 February 2015|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-date=13 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213034711/http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/yemen/un-calls-for-yemen-president-hadi-s-reinstatement-1.1453472|url-status=live}}

United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon called for Hadi's reinstatement after the Houthis installed themselves as the interim government in February 2015.{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/yemen-talks-houthi-coup-150208203942558.html|agency=Al Jazeera|title=Yemen talks to resume as coup is condemned|date=9 February 2015|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-date=10 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210203811/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/yemen-talks-houthi-coup-150208203942558.html|url-status=live}} According to Houthi-controlled state media, Hadi reaffirmed on 8 February that his resignation was final and could not be withdrawn.{{cite news|url=http://www.sabanews.net/en/news387412.htm|agency=Yemen News Agency (SABA)|title=Hadi affirms his presidential resignation final|date=9 February 2015|access-date=9 February 2015|archive-date=4 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204065854/http://www.sabanews.net/en/news387412.htm|url-status=live}}

However, after leaving Sana'a and traveling to his hometown of Aden on 21 February, Hadi declared that the actions taken by the Houthis since 21 September were unconstitutional and invalid.{{cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/yemen-leader-hadi-leaves-sanaa-weeks-house-arrest-150221090018174.html |agency=Al Jazeera |title=Yemen's Hadi says Houthis decisions unconstitutional |date=21 February 2015 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524044744/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/yemen-leader-hadi-leaves-sanaa-weeks-house-arrest-150221090018174.html |url-status=live}}{{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/News/World/2015/02/22/Yemens-ousted-president-Hadi-calls-for-Houthis-to-quit-capital/|agency=The Star Online|title=Yemen's ousted president Hadi calls for Houthis to quit capital|date=22 February 2015|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=17 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717041643/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2015/02/22/yemens-ousted-president-hadi-calls-for-houthis-to-quit-capital/|url-status=live}}

On 26 March 2015 Saudi state TV Al Ekhbariya reported that Hadi arrived at a Riyadh airbase and was met by Saudi Arabia Defense Minister Mohammad bin Salman Al Saud as Saudi Arabia and its allies' launched airstrikes in Yemen against the Houthis in the 2015 military intervention in Yemen. His route from Aden to Riyadh was not immediately known.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/yemeni-s-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-arrives-in-saudi-capital-1.3010698|agency=CBC news|title=Yemeni's Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi arrives in Saudi capital|date=26 March 2015|access-date=26 March 2015|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422043621/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/yemeni-s-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-arrives-in-saudi-capital-1.3010698|url-status=live}}

On 25 March 2017 a court in the Houthi-controlled Sana'a sentenced Hadi and six other government officials to death in absentia for "high treason", which meant "incitement and assistance" to Saudi Arabia and its allies."{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-court-idUSKBN16W0UF|title=Pro-Houthi court sentences Yemen president to death for treason|publisher=Reuters|date=25 March 2017|access-date=26 March 2017|archive-date=25 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325214247/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-court-idUSKBN16W0UF|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/26/c_136158421.htm|title=Pro-Houthi court sentences exiled Yemeni president Hadi to death for "high treason"|publisher=Xinhua|date=26 March 2017|access-date=26 March 2017|archive-date=26 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326043309/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-03/26/c_136158421.htm|url-status=live}} The sentence was announced by the Houthi-controlled Saba News Agency.

On 7 April 2022, Hadi announced in a televised speech that he was resigning from office, dismissing vice-president Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar and transferring power to the newly formed eight members Presidential Leadership Council chaired by Rashad al-Alimi. He also said that the council was tasked with negotiating with the Houthi rebels to agree to a permanent ceasefire.{{Cite news |date=7 April 2022 |title=Yemen president hands power to council in major shake-up |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-61020866 |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-61020866 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Yemen president hands powers to new leadership council |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/7/yemen-president-transfers-powers-saudi-calls-for-houthis-talks |access-date=10 April 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/7/yemen-president-transfers-powers-saudi-calls-for-houthis-talks |url-status=live }} The presidential council's leader had close ties with Saudi Arabia, and some of Yemen's other political groups, including the Islah party.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/07/exiled-yemen-president-steps-aside-amid-hopes-over-truce-abd-rabbu-mansour-hadi|title=Exiled Yemen president steps aside as truce raises hopes of end to war|accessdate=7 April 2022|website=The Guardian|date=7 April 2022|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/07/exiled-yemen-president-steps-aside-amid-hopes-over-truce-abd-rabbu-mansour-hadi|url-status=live}} Officials from Saudi Arabia and Yemen claimed that Hadi was pushed by Riyadh to give up his power to the presidential council. Hadi received a written decree from Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to transfer his authority to the council. According to Prince Mohammed the decision was approved by other Yemeni leaders. Hadi was also threatened by Saudi officials using the evidence of corruption allegedly committed by him.

Following his decision to step down, he was kept under a house arrest in his Riyadh residence and not allowed to communicate with anyone. All these claims were denied by Saudi Arabia.{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-pushed-yemens-elected-president-to-step-aside-saudi-and-yemeni-officials-say-11650224802|title=Saudi Arabia Pushed Yemen's Elected President to Step Aside, Saudi and Yemeni Officials Say|accessdate=17 April 2022|website=The Wall Street Journal|date=17 April 2022|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-arabia-pushed-yemens-elected-president-to-step-aside-saudi-and-yemeni-officials-say-11650224802|url-status=live}}

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{{s-bef|before=Ali Salem al Beidh|as=Deputy Chairman of the Presidential Council of Yemen}}

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{{s-ttl|title=President of Yemen|years=2012–2022
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Category:1945 births

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