:Andrei Miloradovich

{{infobox military person

| honorific_prefix =

| name = Andrei Stepanovich Miloradovich

| image = Милорадович А.С.jpg

|caption =

| native_name =

| birth_date = 1727

| birth_place = Pozniki, Cossack Hetmanate

| death_date = 2 May 1796

| death_place = Chernigov, Imperial Russia

|allegiance ={{flag|Russian Empire}}

|branch = Army

|serviceyears = 1747–1796

|rank = Lieutenant General

|battles_label = Wars

|battles = Seven Years' War
Russo-Turkish War

| awards = Order of St. George
Order of St. Vladimir
Order of Saint Anna
Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky

}}

Andrei Stepanovich Miloradovich (Russian: Андре́й Степа́нович Милора́дович; 1727–2 May 1796) was a Russian military leader, statesman and lieutenant general. He is the father of general Mikhail Miloradovich.

Biography

He was born in 1727 in the village of Pozniki in the Chornukhy (that became a centesimal town Lubensky Regiment of the Hetmanate). The Miloradovichs descended from an Eastern Orthodox Serbian family from Hum, in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina, who rose to a station of prominent Bosnian Ottoman nobility of Sanjak of Herzegovina.{{cite book |last1=Fine |first1=John V. A. |authorlink1=John Van Antwerp Fine |title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest |date=1994 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-0-472-08260-5 |page=487 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvVbRrH1QBgC&q=Vlach |access-date=4 May 2020 |language=en}}{{cite journal |title=Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja u Sarajevu, Nova Serija, Sv. VII (1952), VIII (1953), IX (1954), X (1955), XI (1956) |url=http://www.historiografija.hr/hz/1956/HZ_9_29_TRALJIC.pdf |date=1956 |journal=Historijski zbornik |volume=IX |issue=1–4 |publisher=Školska knjiga |language=Serbo-Croatian |pages=234–235}}{{cite book |last=Vego |first=Marko |author-link=Marko Vego |title=Naselja bosanske srednjovjekovne države |date=1957 |publisher=Svjetlost |location=Sarajevo |language=Serbo-Croatian |pages=127–129}}{{cite book |first=Šefik |last=Bešlagić |author-link=Šefik Bešlagić |title=Stećci i njihova umjetnost |date=1971 |publisher=Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika |language=Serbo-Croatian |page=101}}{{cite book |last=Lovrenović |first=Dubravko |date=2013 |title=Stećci: Bosansko i humsko mramorje srednjeg vijeka |trans-title=Stećci: Bosnian and Hum marbles from Middle Age |publisher=Ljevak |language=Serbo-Croatian |pages=72, 225–231 |isbn=9789533035468}}{{cite book |first=Mirko |last=Marković |title=Descriptio Bosnae & Hercegovinae: Bosna i Hercegovina na starim zemljovidima |date=1998 |publisher=AGM |language=Serbo-Croatian |pages=49, 52 |isbn=9531740917}}{{cite journal |last=Ančić |first=Mladen |title=Kasnosrednjovjekovni Stolac |url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=19570&lang=en |date=2005 |journal=Historical Contributions |volume=29 |issue=29 |language=Serbo-Croatian |pages=51, 57}}{{cite book|author=Hannes Grandits|title=Herrschaft und Loyalität in der spätosmanischen Gesellschaft: das Beispiel der multikonfessionellen Herzegowina|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPcvUev25p4C&pg=PA266|year=2008|publisher=Böhlau Verlag Wien|isbn=978-3-205-77802-8|pages=263–266}}{{cite web |author1=Ljiljana Ševo |author2=Tina Wik |author3=Dubravko Lovrenović |author4=Amra Hadžimuhamedović |author5=Zeynep Ahunbay |authorlink3=Dubravko Lovrenović |authorlink5=Zeynep Ahunbay |title=St. Peter and Paul's Church, with the cemetery, judicial chairs, courtyard and walls in Ošanići, the historic ensemble |url=http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=6&lang=4&action=view&id=1817 |website=old.kons.gov.ba |publisher=Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=4 May 2020 |location=Sarajevo |language=en, sh |date=27 January 2003}}{{cite web |author1=Ljiljana Ševo |author2=Tina Wik |author3=Dubravko Lovrenović |author4=Amra Hadžimuhamedović |author5=Zeynep Ahunbay |authorlink3=Dubravko Lovrenović |authorlink5=Zeynep Ahunbay |title=Necropolis of stecci at Radimlja, the historic site |url=http://old.kons.gov.ba/main.php?id_struct=6&lang=4&action=view&id=607 |website=old.kons.gov.ba |publisher=Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina |access-date=4 May 2020 |location=Sarajevo |language=en, sh |date=11 November 2002}}{{cite book |author1=Marko Vego |authorlink1=Marko Vego |title=in Radovi sa Simpozijuma Srednjovekovna Bosna i evropska kultura |date=1973 |publisher=Muzej grada |location=Zenica |pages=301–332 |edition=Museum of Zenica III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPa1AAAAIAAJ&q=Vego |access-date=4 May 2020 |language=sh |chapter=Kulturni karakter nekropole Radimlje kod Stoca / Cultural character of the Radimlje necropolis near Stolac}}

The Russian branch of the Miloradovich family was established in 1715, when Mikhail Miloradovich (the first) (Serbian Cyrillic: Михаило Милорадовић), one of three brothers recruited by Peter I to incite rebellion against the Turks four years earlier, fled from Herzegovina to Russia and joined Peter's service as a colonel.Schultz, C. C. (2004). {{Cite web |url=http://www.taleon.ru/EN/taleonclub_ru/ProjectImages/2021/68_83-0.pdf |title=A Russian Bayard |access-date=February 25, 2010 |archive-date=January 12, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060112004624/http://www.taleon.ru/EN/taleonclub_ru/ProjectImages/2021/68_83-0.pdf |url-status=dead }}. Taleon Club Magazine, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024142757/http://www.taleon.ru/EN/Page2020.htm 2004 no. 8]. Retrieved 2011-07-16. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20060112004624/http://www.taleon.ru/EN/taleonclub_ru/ProjectImages/2021/68_83-0.pdf the original] on 2006-01-12, p. 70.Treasure, Geoffrey (1985). [https://books.google.com/books?id=X-EU6mcWY5cC The making of modern Europe, 1648-1780]. Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-05136-3}}, {{ISBN|978-0-415-05136-1}}, pp. 611-618 He was a commander of the Hadiach Regiment. Towards the end of Peter's reign he was imprisoned in connection with Pavlo Polubotok's treason case, but was spared from further misfortune by Peter's death. His grandson Andrey served thirty years in the Russian Army and later moved into civil administration as the Governor of Little Russia and the Chernigov governorate.

After graduating from the Kiev Theological Academy, he entered the military service in Little Russia, and in 1747 he received the title of ensign; in 1749, he was promoted to a lieutenant of a Life Guards company.По ошибочным данным Руммеля и Голубцова А. С. Милорадович родился в 1729 г.

The Seven Years' War with Prussia from 1756 until 1762 gave Miloradovich a chance to show his courage, and gain several ranks on the field of honor, particularly in the battles of Kay, Kunersdorf and the Siege of Kolberg. In 1771 during the Russo Turkish War Brigadier Miloradovich, fighting under the command of Pyotr Rumyantsev, distinguished himself in the very first campaign.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=obpoAAAAMAAJ&q=+miloradovich | title=The rule of Catherine the Great: War with Turkey, Polish partition, 1771-1772| isbn=9780875692395| last1=Solovʹev| first1=Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich| year=2003}}

Rumyantsev's 1800 infantry soldiers and 300 Cossacks crossed the Danube and defeated a Turkish force of 7,000 at Măcin in the Dobrudja region of Romania. Rumyantsev, in his report to Empress Catherine II, wrote the following about the battle:

"... Major General Miloradovich, first with light actions that served to draw attention to himself, gained surface over the enemy at the town of Măcin, and on the 21st, having crossed to the fertile shore with his corps, attacked the enemy in their encampment at Măcin, ousted them, captured the town and a significant number of guns."

For this conspicuous act, Miloradovich was awarded the Order of Saint Anna, 1st degree and Empress Catherine II even reported the fact in her letters to Voltaire with whom she often corresponded.{{Cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jun/02/russia.books | title=How Voltaire praised the 'enlightened despot' Catherine the Great| newspaper=The Guardian| date=2006-06-02| last1=Walsh| first1=Nick Paton}}{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35OZl_99gM0C&q=voltaire | title=Documents of Catherine the Great: The Correspondence with Voltaire and the Instruction of 1767 in the English Text of 1768| isbn=9781107694859| last1=Reddaway| first1=W. F.| date=2012-03-29}}

Alexander Suvorov, {{interlanguage link|Semyon Petrovich Ozerov|ru|Озеров, Семён Петрович}} (1725-1807) and Miloradovich stood out as heroes of the Battle of Kozludzha in 1773; the defeat of the Turks was complete.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KM64RF-jIO0C&q=koludzhi&pg=PA413 | title=Catherine the Great| isbn=978-1847651921| last1=Dixon| first1=Simon| date=2010-12-09}} As a reward for his brave actions in the war of 1771-1774, Miloradovich received the Order of St. George, 3rd degree (No. 44) on 10 July 1775. In addition, he was given the Voronki village in the Gorodishchensky centesimal Lubensky regiment.{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YL8WAQAAMAAJ&q=andrei+miloradovich | title=The Abolition of Ukrainian Autonomy (1763-1786): A Case Study in the Integration of a Non-Russian Area into the Empire| last1=Kohut| first1=Zenon E.| year=1975}}

In 1779, Miloradovich was promoted to lieutenant general and soon was appointed the governor of the newly-established Chernigov Governorate, which he ruled for more than fifteen years, but the governorship existed for a relatively short time and was replaced by the establishment of Little Russia. In 1786 he was awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir, 2nd degree and the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky.

He died on 2 May 1796 in Chernigov, and was buried in the Yeletskyi Dormition Monastery.{{Cite web | url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CY%5CE%5CYeletskyiDormitionMonastery.htm | title=Yeletskyi Dormition Monastery}}

The Miloradović noble family is listed in the nobility of the Russian Empire.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DsaAAAAYAAJ&q=andrei+miloradovich | title=Russian Heraldry and Nobility| isbn=9780963306395| last1=Mandich| first1=Donald R.| last2=Placek| first2=Joseph Anthony| year=1992}}