:Appin, New South Wales

Appin is in the lands of the Dharawal people.

"During the Dreaming a great fire swept through the land. Wiritjiribin led the people to sanctuary in a cool green gully which had been missed by the fire, under the rocky cliffs of a gorge south of Appin. Those who had perished in the fire were reincarnated as animals and Wiritjiribin appeared as a lyrebird, which became the clan's totem, a symbol of peace and caretaker of the Land of Gawaigl, an area which became a meeting place for Peoples from all over the east coast of Australia"[http://www.phansw.org.au/ROPHO/broughton.pdf Register of Historic Places and Objects] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090929212715/http://www.phansw.org.au/ROPHO/broughton.pdf |date=29 September 2009 }}

European settlement in the Appin district was prohibited for some years; Appin was part of the 'Cowpastures' where a small herd of cattle had established themselves, having escaped from the Sydney Cove settlement. To protect these and help feed the colony, Governor Macquarie ordered 'No person to hunt or travel into the Cowpastures without licence under penalty of death'.[http://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/economy Cattle escape from Sydney Cove]{{Cite web |url=http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/1810/index.html |title=Proclamations by Governor Macquarie |access-date=24 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406024509/http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/digital/lema/1810/index.html |archive-date=6 April 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}

Naturalist George Caley had visited the area in 1807 exploring 'from Prospect to the upper waters of George's River and the Cataract and Cordeaux Rivers' and reporting his findings.[http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010180b.htm ADB Online George Caley] Settlement began in 1811 with a {{convert|1000|acre|km2|adj=on}} land grant by Governor Macquarie to William Broughton, who had arrived with the First Fleet.Deputy Commissary General W. Broughton: in tribute to the Governor, Broughton named his grant Lachlan Vale; it is now known as Northhamptondale. For the next five years, smaller grants of 40 to {{convert|150|acre|km2}} were made to a score or so of others, former soldiers and emancipated convicts. Governor Macquarie was pleased to give 'The District of Appin' its name, after Appin, in the Scottish West Highlands where his wife, Elizabeth, was born.Whitaker, Appin: the story of a Macquarie Town

Mrs. Allan McPherson, visiting circa 1856, wrote:

"The next morning was fine and bright, and with somewhat better spirits we set out again, but the roads were heavy, and our progress consequently not very rapid, so that it was one or two o'clock before we reached "Appin," a small village, the last resting place on the Sydney side of Mount Keera. As it was too late to attempt crossing the mountain--at all times a formidable undertaking--that evening, we were obliged to make up our minds to stay here. We were not by this time very difficult to please in the way of accommodation, but it seemed doubtful if we should meet with any in this out-of-the-way little place. At last the landlord of a little inn took compassion on us, and let us in, though giving us to understand it was quite as a favour, for he was giving up his business that week, and his house was in a great state of confusion. I afterwards learnt we owed the accommodation, such as it was, to the compassion of the landlord's wife, who chose to weave a little romance about us to the effect that we were a newly married couple, and who was not a little disappointed when I informed her I had been married several years, and had three children! I must be excused if my recollections of Appin are not very favourable, for at this half-dismantled little inn we were detained three days by incessant torrents of rain, such as I had hardly ever witnessed before, even in the colony. What to do with ourselves we really hardly knew. We had neither writing nor drawing materials, nor were they procurable…"My Experiences in Australia. Being Recollections of a Visit to the Australian Colonies in 1856-7. by A Lady. LONDON: J. F. HOPE, 16 GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET. 1860. Available from Project Gutenberg

{{main|Appin Massacre}}

In March 1816, a punitive expedition of a group of settlers was surprised and ambushed at Silverdale by a group of Aboriginal people armed with muskets and spears that killed four settlers. Governor Lachlan Macquarie ordered an armed reprisal.{{cite book |last1=Turbet |first1=Peter |title=The First Frontier |date=2011 |publisher=Rosenberg |location=Dural |isbn=978-1-921719073}} In the early morning of 17 April, Wallis led a surprise attack on this camp, which resulted in the deaths of at least fourteen Aboriginal people.{{cite book |last1=Mackenzie |first1=George |title=Illustrations of Phrenology |date=1820 |publisher=Constable & Co. |location=Edinburgh |url=https://archive.org/details/illustrationsofp00mack/page/233/mode/1up}}

{{see also|Appin mine disaster}}

Occurred approximately 600 metres underground at the Appin coal mine on the night of 24 July 1979, killing 14 people. An explosion that was caused by sparks from a fan control box which ignited a buildup of flammable and poisonous methane gas ripped apart the busiest pit. A subsequent judicial inquiry led to the imposition of stricter safety rules for all mines. It was recommended that automatic devices be installed in mines to give continuous reading of gases, that a special officer supervise ventilation, and that the number of mine inspectors be increased.

Appin has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

• Cataract Road, Cataract: Cataract Dam{{cite NSW SHR|5051469|Cataract Dam|hr=01359|fn=H08/00192; H99/00197, 125107|access-date=18 May 2018}}
• Wilton Road: Windmill Hill, Appin{{cite NSW SHR|5052792|Windmill Hill Group, including Ruins|hr=01931|fn=Plan No 2614|access-date=18 May 2018}}

{{Campaignbox Australian frontier wars}}

Among Appin's free settlers was one Andrew Hamilton Hume, father of the explorer Hamilton Hume. Hamilton Hume and his brother John were tireless investigators of the local countryside, often journeying in the company of Duall, a Dharawal man. Hamilton Hume became an expert bushman, and was well-prepared for major exploration when he set out in 1824 from 'Humewood',{{cite web|url=https://www.campbelltown.nsw.gov.au/files/assets/public/document-resources/aboutcampbelltown/heritage/meadowvalehumewood.pdf?BestBetMatch=Humewood|title=Meadowvale (Humewood)|access-date =15 April 2019}} in the company of William Hovell, to explore the land between the Sydney settlements and Port Phillip, at the request of Governor Brisbane. A stone monument to this event stands on Campbelltown Road, erected by the Royal Australian Historical Society in 1924. Stone was obtained from the ruins of Hamilton Hume's house.

Appin is the birthplace of John Fuller, better known as the bushranger Dan 'Mad Dog' Morgan.

Rachel Henning spent several months at Elladale Cottage in Appin. Of the area, she wrote the following.The Letters of Rachel Henning 29 March 1855.

I am glad [Biddulph] is going to leave Appin, however, for I am sure he will never make any money on this farm. Do you remember our saying that there must certainly be something the matter with it, when he wrote word of how low the rent was, that there must be a want of water or that nothing would grow? There are both these drawbacks here. The soil is wretchedly poor, and this is said to be the very driest part of Australia. Frequently, when there have been torrents of rain at Wollongong and Sydney, on each side of us, we have not had a drop here. There are no springs on the farm, only a waterhole, and that was dry for nearly six weeks in the summer, and then we had to fetch water from the river three miles off. It is a pity Biddulph ever took this farm; still, he has gained some experience here, and, as his expenditure was chiefly in cattle and furniture, he has not lost much.

Appin was for decades a major wheat-growing, and dairy-farming area, but wheat rust, and new railways reaching other primary producing areas of the State, reduced its importance. From 1869, however, the district became the major supplier of Sydney's water, when construction commenced on the Upper Nepean Scheme: four major dams and an associated {{convert|40|mi|km}} of canals and tunnels supplying Prospect Reservoir.Whitaker, Chapter Nine The Appin Colliery, exploiting the Bulli Seam by longwall mining opened in 1962. The West Cliff Colliery opened in 1976.

A town plan was completed in 1834. Several of the proposed street names are in use today, including Toggerai, the Dharawal name for the Upper reaches of the Georges River. A track from Campbelltown was in use from 1815; as settlement advanced along coastal Illawarra, routes to Sydney found their way up the escarpment, and through Appin; the resulting traffic increased the town's prosperity.Whitaker, Chapter V

Appin had a permanent Post Office by 1841, and a telephone line was connected to it in 1888. Appin had to wait until 1945 for an electricity supply. Despite its proximity to several large dams, Appin did not receive a reticulated water supply until 1961.Whitaker, Chapter 13 As of 2010, a town sewerage scheme is in its planning stages.[http://www.sydneywater.com.au/majorprojects/SouthWest/AppinWiltonandDouglasParkSewerageScheme.cfm Appin Wilton and Douglas Park Sewerage Scheme] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207043858/http://www.sydneywater.com.au/majorprojects/SouthWest/AppinWiltonandDouglasParkSewerageScheme.cfm |date=7 December 2009 }}

Several examples of early sandstone buildings remain in Appin's commercial centre on Appin Road. These include the former Courthouse and Gaol (1860s), the derelict Appin Inn (1826), a stone cottage used as offices, built circa 1840, the Headmaster's residence at the primary school, and St. Bede's Roman Catholic Church, 1834–7. Other buildings of heritage value include the disused motor garage at Darcy's Corner (1955), the Appin Hotel (1840), and St Mark The Evangelist Church (1843)

At the {{CensusAU|2021}}, Appin had a population of 3,213.

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 5.2% of the population.
• 86.1% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 3.0%.
• 90.3% of people only spoke English at home.
• The most common responses for religion were No Religion 38.1%, Catholic 29.3% and Anglican 18.1%.

The Wollondilly Mobile Library visits the township weekly.[http://www.library.wollondilly.nsw.gov.au/Mobile-Library Mobile Library] Appin has a Playgroup; a Mobile PreSchool; a Community Hall, two sportsgrounds, and an off-leash area for companion animals near Wonson Oval. The Appin Volunteer Bush Fire Brigade (now known as the Appin Rural Fire Service) was formed in 1944; Joe D'Arcy was its first Captain. The current Fire Shed was opened in 2002.

The 16th World Scout Jamboree was held at the nearby Cataract Scout Camp,[http://www.nsw.scouts.com.au/scouts/ScoutsSectionContent.aspx?id=460 Cataract Scout Camp] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029200012/http://www.nsw.scouts.com.au/scouts/ScoutsSectionContent.aspx?id=460 |date=29 October 2009 }} the first such Jamboree held in the Southern Hemisphere. Numerous Australian Scout Jamborees have also been held at Cataract Scout Camp.

The Dharawal State Recreation Area and Nature Reserve[http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0627 Dharawal State Conservation Area] is located to the east. Appin is part of the Upper Georges River Catchment.[http://wollondilly.local-e.nsw.gov.au/environment/1276/8757.html#nepean Catchment Notes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705211233/http://wollondilly.local-e.nsw.gov.au/environment/1276/8757.html#nepean |date=5 July 2009 }}

The Bureau of Meteorology operates a Weather Watch radar station at Bulli, known as the "Sydney (Appin) radar" {{coord|34|15|36|S|150|52|12|E}}. Its coverage extends to Newcastle, Bathurst, Lake George and Ulladulla.[http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/radar/info/NSW.info.shtml#my_03 Appin Radar]

The coal mines continue to be a major employer. Inghams Enterprises operate several factory farms. An industrial area has been established to the south of Appin. Here also is the Macarthur Water Treatment Plant. Completed in 1995, which supplies the Camden, Campbelltown and Wollondilly areas.[http://www.unitedutilities.com.au/site/DefaultSite/filesystem/.../Macarthur.pdf Macarthur Water Treatment Plant] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160119051158/http://www.unitedutilities.com.au/site/DefaultSite/filesystem/.../Macarthur.pdf |date=19 January 2016 }}

Appin Public School was opened in 1867.[http://www.appin-p.schools.nsw.edu.au/ Appin Public school] Before this, Catholic and Anglican Denominational Schools had been conducted in the district, but both had closed by 1870.

Secondary school students today attend high schools in Campbelltown and other areas. Tertiary education is available from institutions in adjacent towns: the Western Sydney University at Campbelltown, the University of Wollongong and Campbelltown TAFE [https://web.archive.org/web/20100409004310/http://www.swsi.tafensw.edu.au/aboutswsi/colleges/campbelltown.aspx Campbelltown College of TAFE]

• North of town lies the Appin Greyhound Track [http://www.aussiesportsinfo.com/greyhounds/new_south_wales/appin_way_greyhound_racing_track.php Appin Way Greyhound Racing Track] AussieSportsinfo.com and the Appin Motocross Circuit.[https://web.archive.org/web/20090914121146/http://macarthur-chronicle-wollondilly.whereilive.com.au/sport/story/appin-motocross-meet-roars-to-life/ Appin motocross meet roars to life ] Macarthur Chronicle
• Tennis courts and a sportsground are located within the township (Wonson Oval).
• Appin is home to the Appin Dogs Rugby League Football Teams (producing former Australian test and NSW Origin three-quarter Michael De Vere): a women's rugby team was established in 2010.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110820103011/http://macarthur-chronicle-camden.whereilive.com.au/sport/story/appin-dogs-seek-players-coaches-and-sponsorship/ Appin Dogs seek players, coaches and sponsorship] Macarthur Chronicle[https://appin.nswtouch.com.au Appin Touch Association]
• Appin Touch Association run mixed and junior touch football competitions in the summer season for the locals of Appin and surrounding areas.
• The Appin Touch representative team compete in the NSW Touch Vawdon Cup and State Cup on a yearly basis, with the Mixed team winning gold in the 2018 State Cup and the Men's team winning in the 2019 Vawdon Cup.
• Appin United Soccer Club have their home ground at the Gordon Lewis Oval.
• Appin also have their own Netball team: Appin Netball Club.

File: Former Appin Post Office.jpg|{{center|Former Post Office, 1835}}

File: Appin Public School NSW.jpg|{{center|Appin Public School, 1867}}

File: Appin Inn NSW.jpg|{{center|Derelict Appin Inn, 1826}}

File: Appin, NSW, stone shop.jpg|{{center|Colonial era stone building
in main street}}

File: Appin Rectory NSW Australia.jpg|{{center|Former Anglican Rectory, 1843}}

File: Appin St Bedes Church.jpg|{{center|St Bede's Catholic Church, 1837-43}}

File: Appin St Marks Church NSW.jpg|{{center|St Mark the Evangelist
Anglican Church, 1843}}

File: Darcys Corner Appin NSW.jpg|{{center|Darcy's Corner, c. 1955.}}

File: Broughton Pass Weir.jpg|{{center|Broughton's Pass Weir}}

File: Appin Canal NSW.jpg|{{center|Upper Canal
west of Appin}}

File: Appin Hotel NSW.jpg|{{center|Appin Hotel}}

File: Appin Fire Shed NSW.jpg|{{center|Rural Fire Brigade Shed}}

File: Appin NSW Colliery Entrance.jpg|{{center|Entrance, Appin Colliery}}

File: Appin Methane Power Plant.jpg|{{center|Methane Gas Power Plant}}

File: Appin Ingham Broilers NSW.jpg|{{center|Inghams Broilers factory farm}}

File: Appin Industry NSW.jpg|{{center|Industrial Area, south of town}}

;Notes

;References

{{reflist}}

• Appin Public School centenary. 1968. Appin Public School Centenary Committee.
• Butler, B. N. 1988. St Mark the Evangelist Anglican Church, Appin : 150 years of ministry, 1838-1988.
• Fowler, L.R. (ed.) 1989. A History of the forbidden land Wollondilly Shire. {{ISBN|0-7316-3746-1}}
• Hume, Emma. Diaries. Emma Hume of 'Beulah', Appin Road, Appin, NSW. 1893–1917.
• [http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks06/0607821.txt The Letters of Rachel Henning, 29 March 1855]
• Holmes, Marie. 1997. St Bede's Church, Appin Campbelltown & Airds Historical Society. {{ISBN|0-9586776-3-8}}
• McGill, Ruth. 1994. The Appin massacre by Ruth McGill. Campbelltown, N.S.W.
• Percival, Syd. 1992. Chronicles of Appin, NSW / by Syd Percival. Campbelltown and Airds Historical Society. {{ISBN|0-9591729-7-1}}
• Proudfoot, Helen. 1977. Colonial buildings : Macarthur Growth Centre, Campbelltown, Camden, Appin Macarthur Development Board.
• Whitaker, Anne-Maree. 2005. Appin: the story of a Macquarie town. Kingsclear Books, Sydney. {{ISBN|0-908272-84-7}}
• [https://books.google.com/books?id=XlbDHnp7KaUC&pg=PP1 Selections from Appin: the story of a Macquarie town are available from Google Books]

{{commons category-inline}}

• [http://www.cahs.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59&Itemid=71 Appin Massacre]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110402165840/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20080514035 Appin Massacre]
• {{cite web|url=http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/appin_massacre|title=Appin Massacre|access-date=24 September 2015|author=Karskens|first=Grace|author-link=Grace Karskens|date=2015|work=Dictionary of Sydney}} [CC-By-SA]

• [http://www.stonequarry.com.au/towns/appin.html Appin history]
• [http://www.sykesfamily.com.au/william.htm Sykes Family history]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20091024171122/http://www.parish.woll.catholic.org.au/home/rmeadow/History.html St. Bede's history]
• [http://www.heritage.nsw.gov.au/07_subnav_01_2.cfm?itemid=5051481 Heritage Listing, Upper Canal System]

• [http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/mine-threat-to-sydney-water-supply/2007/12/28/1198778703326.html Appin Canal collapse 2007]
• [http://macarthur-chronicle-wollondilly.whereilive.com.au/news/story/planning-for-appin-sewer-almost-complete/ Appin sewerage proposal]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20091013014812/http://www.sca.nsw.gov.au/dams-and-water/major-sca-dams/upper-nepean-dams Upper Nepean Dams]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110710192655/http://www.energydevelopments.com/01_cms/details.asp?ID=15 Appin Power Plant 1996]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090925222527/http://www.wollondillyadvertiser.com.au/news/local/news/general/power-plant-plan-deplored/777533.aspx Power Plant controversy]
• [http://macarthur-chronicle-wollondilly.whereilive.com.au/news/story/appin-sports-aeromodellers-club-hopes-to-get-back-in-the-air/ Appin Aeromodellers Club]
• [http://www.illawarracoal.com/appindisaster.htm Unofficial History of Illawarra Coal]
• [http://www2.clipsal.com/seau/business_focus/references_sites/in_australia/energy/electricity/appin-tower_methane_energy_project Methane Gas Power Generation]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20091025063622/http://www.australianminesatlas.gov.au/education/fact_sheets/coal_bed_methane.jsp Methane Gas Power Generation]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090923140949/http://www.wollondillyadvertiser.com.au/news/local/news/general/leafs-gully-power-plant-approved/1593718.aspx Leaf's Gully Power Plant]
• [http://www.sydney.com/destinations/sydney/sydney-west/appin/ SYDNEY.com - Appin]

{{Sydney Wollondilly suburbs}}

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Category:Towns in New South Wales

Category:Towns in the Macarthur (New South Wales)

Category:Mining towns in New South Wales

Category:Wollondilly Shire