:Ballpark Synagogue

{{Short description|Historic former synagogue, now retail outlet, in South Bend, Indiana, US}}

{{for|similarly named synagogues|B'nai Israel (disambiguation){{!}}B'nai Israel}}

{{Infobox religious building

| name = Ballpark Synagogue

| native_name =

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| image = Sons of Israel South Bend, סאות בנד בני ישראל.jpg

| image_upright = 1.4

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| caption = The former synagogue in 2013

| religious_affiliation = Judaism: {{bulleted list|Orthodox {{small|(1887–1982)}}|Reconstructionist {{small|(1982–1990)}}}}

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| organisational_status = {{ubl|Synagogue {{small|(1887–1990)}}|Retail outlet {{small|(since 2012)}}}}

| ownership = South Bend Cubs

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| functional_status = {{ubl|Closed {{small|(as a synagogue)}};|{{nowrap|Restored and repurposed}}}}

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| location = 420 South William Street, South Bend, Indiana

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| country = United States

| map_type = Indiana

| map_size = 250

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| map_caption = Location in Indiana

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| coordinates = {{coord|41|40|17|N|86|15|21|W|region:US-IA_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

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| architect = Freyermuth & Maurer

| architecture_type = Synagogue architecture

| architecture_style = Romanesque Revival

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| established = 1887 {{small|(as a congregation)}}

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| year_completed = 1901

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| name = Sons of Israel Synagogue

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| added = June 25, 2013

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| refnum = 13000427

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| footnotes = {{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20130705.htm |title=Weekly list of actions taken on properties: 6/24/13 through 6/28/13 |date=July 5, 2013 |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=May 28, 2015}}{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/sonsofisrael.htm |title=Indiana: Sons of Israel Synagogue |work=Articles |publisher=National Park Service |date=August 22, 2017 |access-date=February 14, 2024 }}

}}

The Ballpark Synagogue, officially B'nai Israel Synagogue (transliterated from Hebrew as "Sons of Israel"), is an historic former Jewish synagogue, located in South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. The oldest synagogue in South Bend, it is also thought to be "America's only ballpark synagogue."{{cite magazine|last=Eig|first=Jonathan|title=America's Only Ballpark Synagogue|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/sporting-scene/americas-only-ballpark-synagogue|accessdate=27 May 2015|magazine=The New Yorker|date=14 May 2014}}{{cite web|last=Yearwood|first=Paulint Dubkin|title=Ballpark Synagogue|url=http://chicagojewishnews.com/2014/01/14/ballpark-synagogue/|accessdate=27 May 2015|publisher=The Chicago Jewish News|date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117021603/http://chicagojewishnews.com/2014/01/14/ballpark-synagogue/|archive-date=17 January 2014|url-status=dead}}

In 2012 the unused synagogue was renovated and reopened as a gift shop for the South Bend Cubs minor league baseball team, whose ballpark abuts the property. The synagogue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

History

The modest synagogue was built in 1901 by Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe.{{cite web|last=Sltz|first=Wendy|title=What Has Become of the Historic Synagogues of Indiana?|url=http://forward.com/culture/206369/what-has-become-of-the-historic-synagogues-of-indi/|accessdate=27 May 2015|work=The Forward|date=30 September 2014}}{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Jamie|title=South Bend buys former synagogue Site control part of neighborhood planning near Coveleski|url=http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2007-12-22/news/26766644_1_building-synagogue-romanesque-revival|accessdate=27 May 2015|work=South Bend Tribune|date=22 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528010610/http://articles.southbendtribune.com/2007-12-22/news/26766644_1_building-synagogue-romanesque-revival|archive-date=28 May 2015|url-status=dead}} The congregation was Orthodox for most of its history; in 1982 it became a Reconstructionist temple and was renamed B'nai Yisrael. After some years of declining attendance in a neighborhood that continued to deteriorate despite renewal efforts, including construction of a minor league ballpark adjacent to the synagogue, the last services were held in the building in 1990.{{cite web|last=Baines|first=Dov|title=Class a Controversy|url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1987/07/26/page/166/article/class-a-controversy/index.html|accessdate=27 May 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|date=26 July 1987}} It was then donated to the Indiana Landmarks Foundation.{{cite web|last=Grossman|first=Ron|title=Jewish communities fade in small towns|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2004/01/25/jewish-communities-fade-in-small-towns/|access-date=27 May 2015|work=Chicago Tribune|date=25 January 2004}}

In 2005, the Foundation sold the synagogue to Chris Wood for use as a residence; however the city decided to use the building or the land it stood on as part of its urban renewal efforts and bought the building from Wood in 2007 for $130,000.{{cite web|last=Keh|first=Andrew|title=A House of Worship, Converted|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/27/sports/baseball/synagogue-repurposed-as-minor-league-teams-souvenir-store.html?emc=eta1|accessdate=27 May 2015|work=The New York Times|date=26 May 2015}}

Plans to use the building as a museum, or to move it to a new location, fell through due to lack of funds, and the building stood neglected and deteriorating for several years.

= Restoration and refurbishment =

In 2012 Andrew T. Berlin, new owner of the South Bend Cubs baseball team, purchased the synagogue and funded a $1 million renovation. Berlin paid for restoration, including a refurbishment of the building's handsome brass chandelier, and for new wall paintings combining biblical and baseball themes. A mural of Noah's Ark is captioned "Rain Delay", and a copy of Michelangelo's Creation of Adam from the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel shows God's hand encased in a baseball glove as he hands a baseball to Adam. The caption reads: "Play Ball."

The preserved building stands on the grounds of Four Winds Field at Coveleski Stadium, where it serves as the Cubs' team gift shop.

A short film about the restoration of the synagogue won a 2013 Emmy Award.{{cite web|title=Film featuring the Cove and historic team store building wins Emmy|url=http://www.wgem.com/story/23910275/2013/11/07/film-featuring-the-cove-and-historic-team-store-building-wins-emmy|accessdate=27 May 2015|publisher=WGEM|date=7 November 2013}}{{cite web|last=Duis|first=Sarah|title=Historic South Bend synagogue to be dedicated Friday, May 16|url=http://www.elkharttruth.com/living/2014/05/12/Former-synagogue.html|accessdate=27 May 2015|work=The Elkhart Truth|date=12 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528034459/http://www.elkharttruth.com/living/2014/05/12/Former-synagogue.html|archive-date=28 May 2015|url-status=dead}}

== Criticism ==

Robert Nevel, a Chicago-based architect who attended the synagogue as a boy, told The New York Times in 2015 that the reuse of the bimah (the central platform from which the Torah is read) as the location of the cash register felt like "accidental symbolism" and "sardonic commentary" on the antisemitic canard that Jews worship money. He also said that the design of the access ramp had "mucked up" the building's stone base, a distinguishing feature of early Chicago style architecture.

Architecture

The {{frac|1|1|2}}-story structure was designed in Romanesque Revival style. Finished in orange-brick limestone, it has a gabled roof topped by a large stone arch trimmed in white. Its three tall front windows are arched at the top and square at the bottom; a white metal panel with a design of pressed arches separates the top and bottom of each window. The name of the synagogue is engraved above the center window at the base of another arch-shaped design, with an oculus window at the center. On either corner of the front facade is a square brick tourelle with a corbelled base; each tourelle is topped by a pyramid-shaped metal roof with a Star of David finial.{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/13000427.pdf|title=National Register of. Historic Places Registration Form: Sons of Israel Synagogue|publisher=National Park Service|date=25 June 2013|accessdate=28 May 2015}}

The interior design includes a main sanctuary with a balcony for female worshippers, several smaller rooms, and a basement that previously housed a mikveh.