:Bandeau

{{short description|Strapless form of brassiere or swimsuit top}}

A bandeau ({{IPA|en-GB|ˈbandəʊ}} {{IPA|en-US|ˈbændəʊ}}; {{plural form|bandeaux}}; diminutive of the French word {{lang|fr|bande}} meaning 'strip') is a garment comprising, in appearance, a strip of cloth. Today, the term frequently refers to a garment that wraps around a woman's breasts. It is usually part of a bikini in sports or swimsuit. It is similar to a tube top, but narrower. It is usually strapless, sleeveless, and off the shoulder. Bandeaux are commonly made from elastic material to stop them from slipping down, or are tied or pinned at the back or front. In the first half of the 20th century, a "bandeau" was a narrow band worn by women to bind the hair, or as part of a headdress.{{OED|bandeau|id=15133}} Used for headband from 1706, for brassiere from 1915.

Contemporary uses

=Modern swimwear=

File:Woman wearing a bandeau bikini.jpg strap|thumb]]

The bandeau emerged as the top part of a two-piece swimsuit during the 1940s. In the 1950s the bandeau incorporated foundation so as to structure the contours of the body, while still retaining a relatively simple circle or band shape, emphasizing the bare midriff. Another variation of bandeau is a one-piece bandeau swimsuit that covers the mid-section of the body.[https://www.biqiniz.com/pages/biqiniz-glossary Biqiniz Bikini Glossary] Know your bandeaus from your halters. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220003131/https://www.biqiniz.com/pages/biqiniz-glossary |date=2019-02-20 }} Its popularity in swimwear declined during the string bikini era, but it reappeared in the 1980s, especially with Spandex and other stretch fabric blends. Side stays, v-wire in the center front, O-rings, and the twisted top are popular design elements.

In modern sports and swimwear, a bandeau is a strapless garment worn around a woman's breasts. It may be fastened in the front or back or be sufficiently elastic so as not to need a fastener at all. A bandeau may come with a detachable halter strap for extra support. A strapless bandeau, or tube top, was also worn as casual wear and sports wear starting in the 1970s, and is sometimes worn as part of a sportswear ensemble.{{cite web|url=http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/bandeau_S/bandeau.html |title=Bandeau |work=Bikini Science |access-date=2009-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090422152422/http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/bandeau_S/bandeau.html |archive-date=22 April 2009 |url-status=dead }}

=In formal wear=

Actress Halle Berry wore a pink bandeau with matching pants to the 2000 MTV Movie Awards, fueling the trend of wearing a bandeau top as an out-of-home dress.{{cite news|url=https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&p_theme=sj&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline(Heat%20relief)%20AND%20date(6/8/2001%20to%206/8/2001)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=6/8/2001%20to%206/8/2001)&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=(%22Heat%20relief%22)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no |title=Heat relief, what suits are hot – from tops to bottoms |work=San Jose Mercury News |page=1E |date=2001-06-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608104910/https://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SJ&p_theme=sj&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_dispstring=headline%28Heat%20relief%29%20AND%20date%286%2F8%2F2001%20to%206%2F8%2F2001%29&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date%3AB%2CE&p_text_date-0=6%2F8%2F2001%20to%206%2F8%2F2001%29&p_field_advanced-0=title&p_text_advanced-0=%28%22Heat%20relief%22%29&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&xcal_useweights=no |archivedate=2020-06-08 }} Miley Cyrus also wore a cropped black bandeau top with high waisted pants at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards.U.S. weekly, 24 August 2014: [http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-style/news/miley-cyrus-arrives-2014248 Miley Cyrus Looks Sophisticated, Wears Black Bandeau and Leather Pants One Year After 2013 VMAs] Zendaya wore a red midriff baring bandeau outfit before winning the Fashion Icon award at the 2021 CFDA Awards.{{cite web | url=https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/zendaya-bandeau-bra-top | title=Zendaya and her bandeau bra top were the stars of the 2021 CFDA Awards | date=11 November 2021 }}

History

File:Bandeau by Cartier (38643573085).jpg

= In antiquity =

File:Mosaïque des bikinis, Piazza Armerina.jpg (A.D. 286–305) mosaic mural in Sicily depicts some earlier bandeaux.]]

Wearing a bandeau to support a woman's breasts may date back to ancient Greece,{{cite web|last=Wells|first=Jacquelyn|title=The History of Lingerie [INFOGRAPHIC]|url=http://blog.herroom.com/infographic/history-lingerie-infographic/|publisher=HerRoom|access-date=31 January 2014|archive-date=19 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219022053/http://blog.herroom.com/infographic/history-lingerie-infographic/|url-status=dead}} where they were called apodesmos ({{langx|el|ἀπόδεσμος}}[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da)po%2Fdesmo ἀπόδεσμος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus), later stēthodesmē (Gr: στηθοδέσμη[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dsthqode%2Fsmh στηθοδέσμη], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus), mastodesmos (Gr: μαστόδεσμος[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmasto%2Fdesmos μαστόδεσμος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus) and mastodeton (Gr: μαστόδετον[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmasto%2Fdeton μαστόδετον], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus), all meaning "breast-band". It consisted of a band of wool or linen that was wrapped across the breasts and tied or pinned at the back.{{cite book|title=Le Corset a Travers Les Ages (1893) |language=fr |publisher= Kessinger Publishing |first1= Ernest |last1=Leoty |first2=Saint Elme |last2=Gautier |isbn=978-1-167-74666-6 |page=120 |date=10 September 2010}} Reprint of the 1893 edition{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=ME18871111.1.2&e=-------10--1----0-all |title=The Figure and Corsets. Mataura Ensign (New Zealand) November 11, 1887 }}

As a silhouette the bandeau was also worn in Roman times. Archaeologist James Mellaart described the earliest bandeau-like costume in Çatalhöyük, Anatolia in the Chalcolithic era (around 5600 BC), where a mother goddess is depicted astride two leopards wearing a costume somewhat like a modern bandeau-style bikini.{{cite book|last=Agrawala|first=P.K.|title=Goddesses in Ancient India|year=1983|publisher=Humanities Press|location=Atlantic Highlands, N.J.|isbn=0-391-02960-6|edition=first |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BmDIbNuD0gC&pg=PA12}}Lucy Goodison and Christine E. Morris, Ancient Goddesses: The Myths and the Evidence, page 46, University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-299-16320-4}} In the Greco-Roman world, women athletes wearing two-piece garments were depicted on urns and paintings dating back to 1400 BC.{{cite book |first1=Peter J. |last1=James |first2=I. J. |last2=Thorpe |first3=Nick |last3=Thorpe |title=Ancient Inventions |page=[https://archive.org/details/ancientinvention00jame/page/279 279] |publisher=Ballantine Books |year=1994 |isbn=0-345-40102-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientinvention00jame/page/279 }}

In the floor of Coronation of the Winner hall of Villa Romana del Casale, a Roman villa in Sicily that dates from the Diocletian period (286–305 AD), mosaics depict young women wearing bandeau-like garments while exercising.Kathryn Westcott, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/5130460.stm The Bikini: Not a brief affair]", BBC News, 2006-06-05{{cite web |url=http://www.valdinoto.com/english/villa_romana_del_casale.htm |title=Villa Romana del Casale|publisher=Val di Noto|access-date=August 29, 2013}} The mosaic features ten maidens who have been anachronistically dubbed the "Bikini Girls".{{cite book |first=Allen |last=Guttmann |title=Women's Sports: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/womenssports00alle |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/womenssports00alle/page/38 38] |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1991 |isbn= 0-231-06957-X}}{{cite web|url=http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/villaromanadelcasale.html |title=Villa Romana del Casale |publisher=World Heritage Sites|access-date=2015-03-07}} Other Roman archaeological finds depict the goddess Venus in a similar garment. In Pompeii, depictions of Venus wearing a bikini were discovered in the Casa della Venere,{{cite web|url=http://www.stoa.org/gallery/allison|title=Pompeian Households: Image Gallery|publisher=The Stoa Consortium, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University|access-date=2015-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075357/http://www.stoa.org/gallery/allison|archive-date=2016-02-05|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.stoa.org/gallery/albums.php|title=Stoa Image Gallery|publisher=The Stoa Consortium, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University|access-date=2015-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015205200/http://www.stoa.org/gallery/albums.php|archive-date=2015-10-15|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|author=Penelope M. Allison|url=http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/rooms?houseid=13|title=Pompeian Households: Information concerning the rooms in Casa della Venere in Bikini|access-date=2015-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318124125/http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/rooms?houseid=13|archive-date=2015-03-18|url-status=dead}} in the tablinum of the House of Julia Felix,{{cite book |first1= Mary |last1= Beard |first2= John |last2= Henderson |title= Classical Art |page= [https://archive.org/details/classicalartfrom00bear/page/116 116] |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2001 |isbn= 0-19-284237-4 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/classicalartfrom00bear/page/116 }} and in an atrium garden of Via Dell'Abbondanza.{{cite book |first1= Elisabeth B. |last1= MacDougall |first2=Wilhelmina Mary |last2= Feemster |title= Ancient Roman Gardens |page=38 |publisher= Dumbarton Oaks |year= 1979 |isbn=0-88402-100-9}}

=Brassiere=

In the 1920s the term was applied to a simply shaped brassiere, usually of a soft fabric and delicate trimmings providing little support or shaping. The design was patented in 1916 in the United States by Edgar Guggenheim.[https://books.google.com/books?id=MtRbdACUkqgC&dq=US+patent+no+1167992+from+1914&pg=PA199 Uplift: The Bra in America], by Jane Farrell-Beck, Colleen Gau, p.199{{Cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US1167992/en|title=United States patent 1,167,992 – Brassiere|via=Google Patents}} It was sometimes made from an elastic material to flatten or suppress the breasts in the style of the period. When the "boyish" silhouette went out of fashion, the word "brassiere" or later "bra" became the term for more shapely support garments.

Religious habits

The term bandeau also refers to the thin headband traditionally worn—until recently—underneath and supporting the veil by the nuns of many Catholic religious institutes. Together with the wimple (which covers the cheeks and neck) and the white coif to which it would be attached, it was the common headdress of a respectable woman in Medieval and Renaissance Europe.