:Batak Simalungun language

{{short description|Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia}}

{{Infobox language

|name = Simalungun

|nativename = Sahap Simalungun

|states = Indonesia

|region = Sumatra (northern)

|ethnicity = Simalungun

|speakers = 1.2 million

|date = 2000

|ref = e18

|familycolor= Austronesian

|fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian

|fam3 = Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

|fam4 = Batak

|fam5 = Southern

|iso3 = bts

|glotto=bata1288

|glottorefname=Batak Simalungun

|script = Latin, Batak

}}

Simalungun, or Batak Simalungun, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken mainly in Simalungun Regency and Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+Consonants ! colspan="2" \| !Labial !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Glottal
colspan="2" \|Nasal \|{{IPA link\|m}} \|{{IPA link\|n}} \| \|{{IPA link\|ŋ}} \|
rowspan="2" \|Plosive/ Affricate !voiceless \|{{IPA link\|p}} \|{{IPA link\|t}} \| \|{{IPA link\|k}} \|
voiced \|{{IPA link\|b}} \|{{IPA link\|d}} \|{{IPA link\|dʒ}} \|{{IPA link\|ɡ}} \|
colspan="2" \|Fricative \| \|{{IPA link\|s}} \| \| \|{{IPA link\|h}}
colspan="2" \|Rhotic \| \|{{IPA link\|r}} \| \| \|
colspan="2" \|Lateral \| \|{{IPA link\|l}} \| \| \|
colspan="2" \|Approximant \|{{IPA link\|w}} \| \|{{IPA link\|j}} \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants

! colspan="2" |

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

rowspan="2" |Plosive/
Affricate

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|{{IPA link|k}}

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|dʒ}}

|{{IPA link|ɡ}}

colspan="2" |Fricative

|{{IPA link|s}}

|{{IPA link|h}}

colspan="2" |Rhotic

|{{IPA link|r}}

colspan="2" |Lateral

|{{IPA link|l}}

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|{{IPA link|j}}

/b, d/ can also have implosive allophones [ɓ, ɗ].

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+Vowels ! !Front !Central !Back
Close \|{{IPA link\|i}} \| \|{{IPA link\|u}}
Mid \|{{IPA link\|ɛ}} \| \|{{IPA link\|ɔ}}
Open \| \|{{IPA link\|a}} \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Vowels

!Front

!Central

!Back

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|u}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|ɛ}}

|{{IPA link|ɔ}}

Open

|{{IPA link|a}}

Sounds /i, u, ɛ, ɔ, a/ can have allophones [ɪ, ʊ, e, o, ɑ].{{Cite book |last=Bahren Umar |first=Siregar & Perlindungan |title=Fonologi Bahasa Simalungun |last2=Husni |first2=Chairul |publisher=Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa |year=2001}}

References

External links

[http://kamusiana.com/index.php/index/26.xhtml Indonesian-Simalungun Dictionary]
David Goldsworthy's collection of Music of Indonesia and Malaysia archived with Paradisec includes open access [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/DG1 recordings in Batak Simalungun].

Category:Batak languages

Category:Languages of Indonesia