:Boron triiodide
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477002768
| ImageFileL1=Boron triiodide.svg
| ImageFileR1=Boron-triiodide-3D-vdW.png
| IUPACName=triiodoborane
| OtherNames=
| Reference= {{RubberBible86th}}
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 75378
| InChI = 1/BI3/c2-1(3)4
| InChIKey = YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYAR
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/BI3/c2-1(3)4
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = YMEKEHSRPZAOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CASNo=13517-10-7
| PubChem=83546
| SMILES = IB(I)I
| RTECS = ED7400000
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula=BI3
| MolarMass=391.52 g/mol
| Appearance= crystalline solid
| Density=3.35 g/cm3 (50 °C)
| MeltingPtC=49.9
| BoilingPtC=210
| Solubility= soluble,hydrolysis
| SolubleOther = soluble in CCl4, CS2, benzene, chloroform
| Dipole = 0D
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = hexagonal
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −37.2 kJ/mol
| Entropy = 200 J/mol K
| HeatCapacity = 71 J/mol K
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=PL&language=EN-generic&productNumber=307629&brand=ALDRICH&PageToGoToURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F307629%3Flang%3Dpl Sigma-Aldrich]
| MainHazards=
| FlashPtC = -18
| AutoignitionPtC =
| NFPA-H = 3 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-R = 0
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCompounds = Boron trifluoride
Boron trichloride
Boron tribromide
}}
}}
Boron triiodide is a chemical compound of boron and iodine with chemical formula BI3. It has a trigonal planar molecular geometry.
Preparation
Boron triiodide can be prepared by the reaction of boron with iodine at 209.5 °C or 409.1 °F.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}
It can also be prepared by reacting hydroiodic acid with boron trichloride:
: {{chem2|3HI + BCl3 -> BI3 + 3HCl}} (reaction requires high temperature)
Another method is by reacting lithium borohydride with iodine. As well as boron triiodide, this reaction also produces lithium iodide, hydrogen and hydrogen iodide:{{Cite book |title=Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 |date=1978 |publisher=Enke |isbn=978-3-432-87813-3 |edition=3., umgearb. Aufl |location=Stuttgart}}
: {{chem2|3LiBH4 + 8I2 -> 3LiI + 3BI3 + 4H2 + 4HI}}
Properties
In its pure state, boron triiodide forms colorless, otherwise reddish, shiny, air and hydrolysis-sensitive{{Cite web |title=Beiträge zur Chemie der Bor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen |url=http://www-brs.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/netahtml/HSS/Diss/StangeBernd/diss.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923012029/http://www-brs.ub.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/netahtml/HSS/Diss/StangeBernd/diss.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-23 |access-date=2023-09-19}} crystals, which have a hexagonal crystal structure (a = 699.09 ± 0.02 pm, c = 736.42 ± 0.03 pm, space group P63/m (space group no. 176)).{{Cite journal |last1=Albert |first1=Barbara |last2=Schmitt |first2=Konny |date=May 2001 |title=Die Kristallstruktur von Bortriiodid, BI3 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:53.0.CO;2-J |journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie |language=de |volume=627 |issue=5 |pages=809–810 |doi=10.1002/1521-3749(200105)627:5<809::AID-ZAAC809>3.0.CO;2-J |issn=0044-2313|url-access=subscription }} Boron triiodide is a strong Lewis acid and soluble in carbon disulfide.
Boron triiodide reacts with water and decomposes to boric acid and hydriodic acid:
: {{chem2|BI3 + 3H2O <-> B(OH)3 + 3HI}}
Its dielectric constant is 5.38 and its heat of vaporization is 40.5 kJ/mol. At extremely high pressures, BI3 becomes metallic at ~23 GPa and is a superconductor above ~27 GPa.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.82.094506| title=Pressure-induced phase transition, metallization, and superconductivity in boron triiodide| journal=Physical Review B| volume=82| issue=9| pages=094506| year=2010| last1=Hamaya| first1=Nozomu| last2=Ishizuka| first2=Miyuki| last3=Onoda| first3=Suzue| last4=Guishan| first4=Jiang| last5=Ohmura| first5=Ayako| last6=Shimizu| first6=Katsuya| bibcode=2010PhRvB..82i4506H}}
Applications
Boron triiodide can be used to produce other chemical compounds and as a catalyst (for example in coal liquefaction).{{Cite web |title=Kohleverflüssigung – Innovations Report |url=https://www.innovations-report.de/fachgebiete/biowissenschaften-chemie/bericht-53763/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=www.innovations-report.de|date=11 January 2006 }}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723041517/http://www.chemexper.net/specification_e/chemicals/supplier/cas/Boron%20triiodide.asp MSDS]}} (original link is broken)
{{Boron compounds}}
{{Iodides}}